Estilo motivacional del docente, compromiso académico y estrategias de evitación : un enfoque mediacional
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2017-02-14
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente estudio tuvo como propósito explicar —en el marco de la Teoría de la Autodeterminación— los mecanismos motivacionales que predicen dos conjuntos de resultados opuestos: uno adaptativo (compromiso académico: comportamental, cognitivo, agencial y emocional) y otro no adaptativo (estrategias de evitación: autosabotaje, evitación de la novedad y evitación de la búsqueda de ayuda) hacia el área de Matemática.
La muestra estuvo conformada por 1027 estudiantes (56,1% mujeres) que cursaban el cuarto grado de secundaria en 16 escuelas (14 estatales y dos no estatales) de 13 distritos de Lima Metropolitana. Los instrumentos empleados mostraron buenas evidencias de validez y confiabilidad en esta muestra. Se realizaron correlaciones y un modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales para probar las hipótesis planteadas.
Los resultados mostraron que los estilos docentes de apoyo a la autonomía y de control (percibidos por los estudiantes) predijeron positivamente la motivación autónoma y la motivación controlada del estudiante, respectivamente. La motivación autónoma predijo positivamente los cuatro tipos de compromiso y negativamente la evitación de la novedad y de la búsqueda de ayuda. La motivación controlada predijo positivamente las tres estrategias de evitación y negativamente el compromiso emocional. Por último, se encontró que la motivación autónoma mediaba parcialmente la relación entre el estilo de apoyo a la autonomía y los compromisos cognitivo, agencial y emocional, y la motivación controlada mediaba parcialmente la relación entre el estilo de control del profesor y las tres estrategias de evitación.
Se discuten los resultados en relación con los supuestos y evidencias de la teoría y sus implicancias educativas.
The purpose of this study was to explain –within the framework of the Self-Determination Theory– the motivational mechanisms that predict two opposing sets of outcomes: one adaptive (academic engagement: behavioral, cognitive, agentic and emotional) and another non-adaptive (avoidance strategies: self-handicapping, avoidance of novelty and avoidance of help seeking) in relation to the Mathematics area. The sample consisted in 1027 students (56.1% women) from tenth grade of secondary school from 16 schools (14 public and two private) coming from 13 districts of Metropolitan Lima. The instruments used in this research showed good evidences of validity and reliability in this sample. Correlations and structural equation modeling were conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. The results showed that the autonomy supportive teaching style and the controlling teaching style (as perceived by students) positively predicted students’ autonomous and controlled motivation, respectively. Autonomous motivation positively predicted the four types of engagement and negatively the avoidance of novelty and help seeking. Controlled motivation positively predicted the three avoidance strategies and negatively emotional engagement. Finally, it was found that autonomous motivation partially mediated the relationship between autonomy support teaching style and cognitive, agentic and emotional engagement. Moreover, controlled motivation partially mediated the relationship between the teacher’s controlling style and the three avoidance strategies.Results are discussed in connection with the assumptions and evidences of the theory and its educational implications.
The purpose of this study was to explain –within the framework of the Self-Determination Theory– the motivational mechanisms that predict two opposing sets of outcomes: one adaptive (academic engagement: behavioral, cognitive, agentic and emotional) and another non-adaptive (avoidance strategies: self-handicapping, avoidance of novelty and avoidance of help seeking) in relation to the Mathematics area. The sample consisted in 1027 students (56.1% women) from tenth grade of secondary school from 16 schools (14 public and two private) coming from 13 districts of Metropolitan Lima. The instruments used in this research showed good evidences of validity and reliability in this sample. Correlations and structural equation modeling were conducted to test the proposed hypotheses. The results showed that the autonomy supportive teaching style and the controlling teaching style (as perceived by students) positively predicted students’ autonomous and controlled motivation, respectively. Autonomous motivation positively predicted the four types of engagement and negatively the avoidance of novelty and help seeking. Controlled motivation positively predicted the three avoidance strategies and negatively emotional engagement. Finally, it was found that autonomous motivation partially mediated the relationship between autonomy support teaching style and cognitive, agentic and emotional engagement. Moreover, controlled motivation partially mediated the relationship between the teacher’s controlling style and the three avoidance strategies.Results are discussed in connection with the assumptions and evidences of the theory and its educational implications.
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Motivación (Educación), Personal docente--Actitudes, Personal docente--Aspectos psicológicos
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