Descripción de marcadores del discurso de hablantes con afasia afluente : anómica, de conducción y de Wernicke.
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2013-12-06
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El trabajo presentado a continuación es un estudio cualitativo, en el cual se
pretende describir, en primer lugar, las características de los marcadores del
discurso utilizados durante el habla espontánea de 4 pacientes con afasia; además,
en segundo lugar, se procura determinar las diferencias y similitudes respecto del
uso de aquellos elementos lingüísticos entre los tipos de afasia estudiados
(anómica, de conducción y de Wernicke) de un centro hospitalario del Callao.
La recolección de datos se realizó a través de la aplicación del Test de
Boston mediante las pruebas que evalúan el habla espontánea. Luego, se
efectuaron las transcripciones de las entrevistas, el vaciado y análisis de datos,
pero brindando especial énfasis a los marcadores del discurso. Para dicho análisis,
se utilizó la clasificación de Martín Zorraquino y Portolés (1999).
Posteriormente al análisis de cada paciente, se concluyó que el tipo de
afasia es un factor primordial y determinante para la utilización de los marcadores
del discurso durante el habla espontánea. Asimismo, se evidenció que existen
diferencias en el uso de marcadores, incluso, en pacientes con el mismo tipo de
afasia. Además, aunque no se puede generalizar, se observó que en la afasia de
Wernicke estos elementos lingüísticos casi no son insertados durante el
intercambio conversacional, respecto de los otros tipos de afasia investigados.
Palabras clave: afasia, marcadores del discurso
The following study presented is a qualitative research which is intended to describe, first of all, the characteristics of discourse markers utilized during the spontaneous speech of four patients with aphasia, and second of all, to determine the differences and similarities regarding the use of those linguistic elements among the types of aphasia in the case study (anomic, of conduction and Wernicke‟s) at a health center in Callao. The compilation of data was done based on the application of the Boston diagnostic aphasia examination, through the tests that evaluate the spontaneous speech. Then, there was a transcript of the interviews, the emptying and analysis of data, providing special emphasis on the discourse markers. For such analysis was used the classification of Martin Zorraquino and Portolés (1999). After that analysis of each patient, it was concluded that the type of aphasia is an essential and determinant factor for the utilization of the discourse markers during the spontaneous speech. Additionally, it was evident that there are differences in the use of markers, even in patients with the same type of aphasia. Also, even although one cannot generalize, it was observed that the Wernicke aphasia these linguistic elements are hardly inserted during conversational interaction, respect to the other investigated types of aphasia.
The following study presented is a qualitative research which is intended to describe, first of all, the characteristics of discourse markers utilized during the spontaneous speech of four patients with aphasia, and second of all, to determine the differences and similarities regarding the use of those linguistic elements among the types of aphasia in the case study (anomic, of conduction and Wernicke‟s) at a health center in Callao. The compilation of data was done based on the application of the Boston diagnostic aphasia examination, through the tests that evaluate the spontaneous speech. Then, there was a transcript of the interviews, the emptying and analysis of data, providing special emphasis on the discourse markers. For such analysis was used the classification of Martin Zorraquino and Portolés (1999). After that analysis of each patient, it was concluded that the type of aphasia is an essential and determinant factor for the utilization of the discourse markers during the spontaneous speech. Additionally, it was evident that there are differences in the use of markers, even in patients with the same type of aphasia. Also, even although one cannot generalize, it was observed that the Wernicke aphasia these linguistic elements are hardly inserted during conversational interaction, respect to the other investigated types of aphasia.
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Afasia., Trastornos del habla, Análisis del discurso
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