Características de la participación en la población beneficiaria del proyecto "Desarrollo de la competitividad en la producción y comercialización de fibra de alpaca en las zonas altoandinas de Moquegua.
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2014-07-24
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
Con la intención de contribuir al desarrollo de políticas sociales participativas en general,
y en particular a la implementación de una política institucional de participación en el
Centro de Estudios para el Desarrollo Regional ONG CEDER, se ha elaborado el
presente trabajo de investigación tomando como base la experiencia desarrolla por esta
institución en el proyecto: “Desarrollo de la competitividad en la producción y
comercialización de fibra de alpaca en las zonas alto andinas de Moquegua”.
El objetivo principal de este trabajo es conocer los principales factores que influyen en
los niveles de participación de los beneficiarios. Para lograr este objetivo, mediante el
uso de la estrategia de investigación cualitativa, se han analizado los siguientes
aspectos: la concepción y estrategia de participación que tiene el CEDER; las
percepciones de los beneficiarios sobre el proyecto; los factores externos que influyen
en la participación; y las características de la participación de la población beneficiaria
en el proyecto, tomando como base la información recogida en las entrevistas
semiestructuradas aplicadas a beneficiarios, focus groups desarrollado con miembros
del equipo líder , observaciones simples a diferentes eventos del proyecto, y la revisión
de diferentes documentos del proyecto y de la institución.
Los resultados sobre: la concepción y estrategia de participación que tiene el CEDER,
señalan que esta institución cuenta con una concepción funcionalista y economicista;
además no tiene mecanismos de participación propiamente dichos; sin embargo,
atribuye a la participación una importancia para la consecución de sus fines y objetivos.
Sobre la concepción de los miembros del equipo líder se encontró que estos reproducen
la concepción que tiene el CEDER, aun cuando todos tienden a hacer algunos
esfuerzos para lograr un enfoque participativo.
Referente a las percepciones de los beneficiarios, sobre el proyecto, se encontró que el
grado de conocimientos que tienen sobre las estrategias de participación del CEDER es
bajo, y reconocen como los beneficios más importantes los que se dan a mediano y
largo plazo tales como la mejora genética del ganado, el incremento de la calidad de la
fibra y la mejora de los precios.
Respecto a los factores externos que influyen en la participación, se halló que existe
superposición de actividades entre la empresa privada y el CEDER. Además de que la
empresa entrega recursos de manera asistencialista; a tal punto que la población
considera que es obligación del estado y de la empresa privada otorgarles apoyo
gratuito.
Como resultado de los anteriores factores se encontró que la participación de la
población beneficiaria del proyecto se caracteriza principalmente por: la participación se
da únicamente en las tres fases del ciclo del proyecto, a) en la etapa de planificación,
esta se reduce básicamente a la definición de lugares y cronogramas para ejecución
de actividades; b) en la etapa de ejecución del proyecto, esta se basa en el aporte de
mano de obra y materiales de construcción para el desarrollo de actividades; c) En la
etapa de la evaluación, se da a través reuniones de trabajo, talleres y asambleas
comunales, que están destinadas a la discusión sobre el logro de las metas y beneficios
obtenidos en base a las actividades culminadas; así como la transferencia de los
bienes obtenidos.
With the intention to contribute to the development of local social policies en general and especially to the implementation of an institutional policy of participation, the Centre for Studies for Regional Development, CEDER, has worked out this survey which is based on the NGO’s experience with its project called “Development of competitiveness in alpaca wool production and marketing in the Andean territory of Moquegua”. The main goal of this study is to identify the principle factors that influence the participation levels of the beneficiaries. To reach this aim, the following aspects were examined, using a qualitative investigation strategy: The conceptual design and strategy adopted by CEDER The perception of the beneficiaries as to the project The external factors that have an effect on participation and The characteristics of participation shown by the beneficiaries, taking into account the information that was gathered during the interviews with the target group in general and the focus group in particular, the latter consisting of members of the leaders’ team Simple observations of different events that were carried out throughout the project, and A review of different project and institutional documents. The results concerning the conceptual design and strategy adopted by CEDER show that the institution features a “functionalistic” and “economistic” approach and lacks proper participation mechanisms; however, it ascribes an importance to participation as a mean to achieve its purposes. As to the notion of the members of the leaders’ team it was found out that they copy CEDER’s conception even though all of them tend to make an effort to reach a participtive approach. With reference to the beneficiaries’ conception about the project it was discovered that their level of knowledge about CEDER’s participation strategies is low, and acknowledge that the most important benefits are those achieved in medium and long term, such as the improvement of their cattle’s genetics, the improvement of alpaca wool and the increase of revenues. As to external factors that influence participation, it was ascertained that there is a superposition of activities between private enterprises and CEDER. Besides, private companies offer resources in an “assistentialistic” approach leading to the extreme situation that the population considers that these contributions made by the state and private enterprises are compulsive. As a result of the mentioned factors it was found out that the beneficiaries’ participation shows the following particularities: During the planning phase participation is mainly reduced to the definition of places and schedules of the project cycle During the execution phase, participation is limited mainly to man power and construction materials input aiming at the projects progress During the evaluation phase it is characterized by work meetings, workshops and community meetings aiming at a discussion about the achievement of goals and benefits, as well as the transference of donated items.
With the intention to contribute to the development of local social policies en general and especially to the implementation of an institutional policy of participation, the Centre for Studies for Regional Development, CEDER, has worked out this survey which is based on the NGO’s experience with its project called “Development of competitiveness in alpaca wool production and marketing in the Andean territory of Moquegua”. The main goal of this study is to identify the principle factors that influence the participation levels of the beneficiaries. To reach this aim, the following aspects were examined, using a qualitative investigation strategy: The conceptual design and strategy adopted by CEDER The perception of the beneficiaries as to the project The external factors that have an effect on participation and The characteristics of participation shown by the beneficiaries, taking into account the information that was gathered during the interviews with the target group in general and the focus group in particular, the latter consisting of members of the leaders’ team Simple observations of different events that were carried out throughout the project, and A review of different project and institutional documents. The results concerning the conceptual design and strategy adopted by CEDER show that the institution features a “functionalistic” and “economistic” approach and lacks proper participation mechanisms; however, it ascribes an importance to participation as a mean to achieve its purposes. As to the notion of the members of the leaders’ team it was found out that they copy CEDER’s conception even though all of them tend to make an effort to reach a participtive approach. With reference to the beneficiaries’ conception about the project it was discovered that their level of knowledge about CEDER’s participation strategies is low, and acknowledge that the most important benefits are those achieved in medium and long term, such as the improvement of their cattle’s genetics, the improvement of alpaca wool and the increase of revenues. As to external factors that influence participation, it was ascertained that there is a superposition of activities between private enterprises and CEDER. Besides, private companies offer resources in an “assistentialistic” approach leading to the extreme situation that the population considers that these contributions made by the state and private enterprises are compulsive. As a result of the mentioned factors it was found out that the beneficiaries’ participation shows the following particularities: During the planning phase participation is mainly reduced to the definition of places and schedules of the project cycle During the execution phase, participation is limited mainly to man power and construction materials input aiming at the projects progress During the evaluation phase it is characterized by work meetings, workshops and community meetings aiming at a discussion about the achievement of goals and benefits, as well as the transference of donated items.
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Alpaca--Perú., Participación ciudadana--Perú--Moquegua.
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