Afrontamiento y bienestar psicológico en madres de niños diagnosticados con trastorno del espectro autista
Date
2018-01-18
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El objetivo principal del estudio fue analizar la relación entre las estrategias de
afrontamiento y el bienestar psicológico, global y por dimensiones en un grupo de 49
madres, entre 23 y 57 años (M=36.1; DE=7). Las participantes tenían hijos(as) entre los 3 y
10 años, diagnosticados(as) con el Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA), que asistían a una
institución especializada en el desarrollo infantil de Lima- Metropolitana. Se utilizó el
Cuestionario Multidimensional de Estimación del Afrontamiento COPE, adaptado por
Cassaretto y Chau (2016), y la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico, adaptada por Cubas (2003).
Se hallaron trece correlaciones significativas entre algunas estrategias, y el puntaje global y
por dimensiones del bienestar, siendo una de las trece correlaciones baja y las doce
restantes moderadas. Asimismo, la variable tiempo post diagnóstico se asoció
positivamente (r=.35, p<.05) con la reinterpretación positiva y crecimiento, y con la
autonomía (r=.29, p=.04). Finalmente, se encontró que las madres que contaban con ayuda
en el cuidado de sus hijos(as) presentaron mayor puntuación en el bienestar psicológico
global, y en las dimensiones control del ambiente y autoaceptación. Los resultados
demuestran que las estrategias de planificación, contención, reinterpretación positiva,
soporte emocional, desentendimiento mental y desentendimiento conductual juegan un
papel importante en el bienestar psicológico de las madres que tienen hijos(as)
diagnosticados con autismo. Asimismo, se evidencia que las madres que llevan más tiempo
enteradas del diagnóstico podrían percibir las adversidades como una oportunidad para
crecer a nivel personal y tendrían mayor autonomía en la toma de decisiones.
The main objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between coping strategies and psychological well-being, global and by dimensions in a sample of 49 mothers, between 23 and 57 years old (M=36.1; DE=7). The participant had kids between 3 and 10 years old diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) that were attending an institution specialized in child development placed in Lima- Metropolitana. Multidimensional Coping Estimation Questionnaire COPE, adapted by Cassaretto and Chau (2016) and the Psychological Well-Being Scale, adapted by Cubas (2003) were used. There were thirteen significant correlations between some coping strategies and psychological well-being, global and by dimensions. One of the thirteen correlations was low and the rest were moderate. Likewise, the results indicated that the time post diagnosis variable was correlated in a positive and moderate way (r=.35, p<.05) with positive reinterpretation and growth, and in a positive and low way (r=.29, p=.04) with autonomy. Finally, there was found that Mothers with support had a higher score in global psychological well-being, environmental mastering and in self-acceptance. The results demonstrate that planning, restraint coping, positive reinterpretation, emotional support and mental and behavioral disengagement play an important role in the psychological wellbeing of mothers with autism diagnosis children. It also shows that mothers who has a longer period of time informed of the diagnosis may perceive the adversities as an opportunity to grow in a personal way and might have more autonomy in decisions making.
The main objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between coping strategies and psychological well-being, global and by dimensions in a sample of 49 mothers, between 23 and 57 years old (M=36.1; DE=7). The participant had kids between 3 and 10 years old diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) that were attending an institution specialized in child development placed in Lima- Metropolitana. Multidimensional Coping Estimation Questionnaire COPE, adapted by Cassaretto and Chau (2016) and the Psychological Well-Being Scale, adapted by Cubas (2003) were used. There were thirteen significant correlations between some coping strategies and psychological well-being, global and by dimensions. One of the thirteen correlations was low and the rest were moderate. Likewise, the results indicated that the time post diagnosis variable was correlated in a positive and moderate way (r=.35, p<.05) with positive reinterpretation and growth, and in a positive and low way (r=.29, p=.04) with autonomy. Finally, there was found that Mothers with support had a higher score in global psychological well-being, environmental mastering and in self-acceptance. The results demonstrate that planning, restraint coping, positive reinterpretation, emotional support and mental and behavioral disengagement play an important role in the psychological wellbeing of mothers with autism diagnosis children. It also shows that mothers who has a longer period of time informed of the diagnosis may perceive the adversities as an opportunity to grow in a personal way and might have more autonomy in decisions making.
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Keywords
Adaptación (Psicología), Bienestar, Autismo
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