Propuesta de articulación de redes productivas y formales para enfrentar la alta tasa de unidades productivas informales de manufactura textil y confecciones del Emporio Comercial de Gamarra – La Victoria, 2019 - 2020
Date
2021-08-09
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.
Abstract
El presente estudio aborda el problema público de una alta tasa de unidades productivas
informales de Manufactura Textil y Confecciones del Emporio Comercial de Gamarra –
La Victoria en el periodo 2019 – 2020. De acuerdo a un estudio del Instituto Nacional de
Estadística e Informática (INEI, 2017) que aborda la informalidad en unidades
productivas con local y sin local, estima que existen 5532 unidades productivas
informales con local en Gamarra. Asimismo, en cuanto a lo tributario, la SUNAT (2017)
señala que “El 40% de las transacciones que realizan en Gamarra (…) no se entrega el
comprobante de pago”. Respecto al empleo informal, en entrevistas realizadas a
trabajadores de Gamarra, se reporta que los trabajadores no cuentan con beneficios
sociales; ostentan sueldos bajos y trabajan horas extras y también en feriados, sin percibir
remuneración, es decir, no cuentan con protección legal y social. Posteriormente de
desarrollar el análisis causal del problema, se logró identificar trece causas, siendo las
más importantes: altos costos de cumplimiento, competencia económica desleal,
dificultades para el acceso al financiamiento y la causa “bajo nivel de productividad”, la
cual fue seleccionada, formulando el desafío de innovación ¿Cómo podemos aumentar
los niveles de productividad de las unidades productivas informales de Manufactura
Textil del Emporio Comercial de Gamarra para que accedan al mercado del sector formal?
Frente a ese desafío se desarrolla como prototipo final “Articulación de redes productivas
y formales”, que consiste en identificación y promoción de redes empresariales,
desarrollando acompañamiento técnico productivo – empresarial y articulación
comercial, sobre la base de un modelo articulado de alianzas institucionales para
establecer sinergias con entidades públicas y privadas, basados en un modelo integral que
les permita desarrollar capacidades productivas, mejorar procesos, diseños y calidad de
los productos de las unidades económicas, de tal manera que, al vincular el modelo de
negocio con la demanda, la exigencia del mercado por la formalización, surge como una
oportunidad para acceder a clientes potenciales. El estudio concluye, que el prototipo de
innovación cumple con criterios de deseabilidad, factibilidad y viabilidad, y, además,
ostenta ventajas comparativas, generando un alto impacto en el desarrollo económico de
Gamarra.
The present study aproach the public problem of a high rate of informal productive units of Textile Manufacturing and Confections of the Commercial Emporium of Gamarra - La Victoria in the period 2019 - 2020. According to a study by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI, 2017), about informality in productive units with and without premises, estimated that there are 5,532 informal productive units with premises in Gamarra. Also, in terms of tax, SUNAT (2017) proclaimed that "40% of the transactions carried out in Gamarra (...) the voucher is not delivered." Regarding informal employment, in interviews with Gamarra workers, it was reported that workers do not have social benefits; they boast low wages and work overtime and also on holidays, without receiving remuneration, that is, they do not have legal and social protection. After developing the causal analysis of the problem, we seek to identify thirteen causes, being the most important, high compliance costs, unfair economic competition, difficulties in accessing financing, and the cause "low productivity level", which was selected, formulating the innovation challenge with it. How can we increase the productivity levels of the informal productive units of the Textile Manufacture of the Gamarra Commercial Emporium so that they access the formal sector market? Faced with this challenge, the final prototype "Articulation of productive and formal networks" is developed, which consists of the identification and promotion of business networks, developing technicalproductive support - business and commercial articulation, based on a model for commercial articulation, on the basis of a model for commercial articulation synergies with public and private entities, based on an integral model that allows them to develop productive capacities, improve processes, designs and quality of the products of the economic units, in such a way that, by linking the model of business with the demand, the demand of the market for the formalization, arises as an opportunity to access potential clients. The study concludes that the innovation prototype meets the criteria of desirability, feasibility and viability, and also has comparative advantages, generating a high impact on Gamarra's economic development.
The present study aproach the public problem of a high rate of informal productive units of Textile Manufacturing and Confections of the Commercial Emporium of Gamarra - La Victoria in the period 2019 - 2020. According to a study by the Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática (INEI, 2017), about informality in productive units with and without premises, estimated that there are 5,532 informal productive units with premises in Gamarra. Also, in terms of tax, SUNAT (2017) proclaimed that "40% of the transactions carried out in Gamarra (...) the voucher is not delivered." Regarding informal employment, in interviews with Gamarra workers, it was reported that workers do not have social benefits; they boast low wages and work overtime and also on holidays, without receiving remuneration, that is, they do not have legal and social protection. After developing the causal analysis of the problem, we seek to identify thirteen causes, being the most important, high compliance costs, unfair economic competition, difficulties in accessing financing, and the cause "low productivity level", which was selected, formulating the innovation challenge with it. How can we increase the productivity levels of the informal productive units of the Textile Manufacture of the Gamarra Commercial Emporium so that they access the formal sector market? Faced with this challenge, the final prototype "Articulation of productive and formal networks" is developed, which consists of the identification and promotion of business networks, developing technicalproductive support - business and commercial articulation, based on a model for commercial articulation, on the basis of a model for commercial articulation synergies with public and private entities, based on an integral model that allows them to develop productive capacities, improve processes, designs and quality of the products of the economic units, in such a way that, by linking the model of business with the demand, the demand of the market for the formalization, arises as an opportunity to access potential clients. The study concludes that the innovation prototype meets the criteria of desirability, feasibility and viability, and also has comparative advantages, generating a high impact on Gamarra's economic development.
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Economía informal--Perú--La Victoria (Lima : Distrito), Industria textil--Perú--La Victoria (Lima : Distrito), Productividad industrial--Perú--La Victoria (Lima : Distrito), Empresas--Perú--La Victoria (Lima : Distrito)
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