Imaginarios socio-sexuales en crisis: las representaciones del médico, la prostituta y la mujer enferma en las obras de Clorinda Matto, Mercedes Cabello, Aurora Cáceres y Adela Zamudio
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Esta tesis propone una lectura relacional de cuatro textos literarios escritos por
mujeres latinoamericanas y publicados en el periodo de entre siglos (1880-1914). En
particular, se estudian las representaciones del médico, la prostituta y la mujer enferma
en Blanca Sol (1889) de Mercedes Cabello, “El corsé” (1890) de Clorinda Matto, La rosa
muerta (1914) de Aurora Cáceres y “El velo de la Purísima” de Adela Zamudio. A partir
del diálogo con el psicoanálisis, la crítica literaria feminista y la teoría crítica
contemporánea, se busca analizar las relaciones de género y poder en obras que
problematizan las matrices estético-ideológicas dominantes en la producción literaria de
la época, tales como el modernismo, el naturalismo y el decadentismo. Así pues, mientras
los personajes masculinos de estos textos empiezan a perder su poder sobre los sujetos
femeninos, estos últimos adquieren una mayor autonomía, aunque pierdan la vida o el
estatus de “decencia” en el proceso. En tal sentido, las prostitutas y las mujeres enfermas
son retratadas como sujetos de saber y dicho saber pone en evidencia su exclusión del
proyecto de modernidad. En contraste, los médicos, otrora representantes de la verdad y
el progreso por su vínculo con la ciencia, son desautorizados por medio del humor y su
representación como adúlteros, asesinos seriales y mensajeros de la muerte. Así pues,
para demostrar esta hipótesis, se ha estructurado este trabajo en tres capítulos. En primer
lugar, se analizará la des-idealización de la mujer enferma en las cuatro obras
seleccionadas, con la finalidad de establecer una lectura crítica sobre el dolor, la
vergüenza y la infelicidad a partir de la teoría de los afectos. En segundo lugar, se
estudiará la representación y la función de la prostituta en Blanca Sol y “El velo de la
Purísima”, teniendo en cuenta los roles de género que operan sobre ella y sus estrategias
de subsistencia/resistencia. Por último, en el tercer capítulo, se examinará la crisis del
sujeto/saber médico en “El corsé” y La rosa muerta. Para ello, será necesario analizar la
construcción de masculinidades desbordadas, así como el carácter espectral y ominoso de
los facultativos.
This thesis proposes a relational reading of four literary texts written by Latin American women and published in the entre siglos period (1880-1914). Specifically, representations of the doctor, the prostitute and the ill woman are studied in Mercedes Cabello’s Blanca Sol (1889), Clorinda Matto’s “El corsé” (1890), Aurora Cáceres’s La rosa muerta (1914) and Adela Zamudio’s “El velo de la Purísima”. Through the use psychoanalysis, feminist literary criticism and contemporary critical theory, this thesis seeks to analyze the gender and power relations in works that problematize the dominant aesthetic-ideological matrices in the literary production of the epoch, such as modernism, naturalism, and the decadent movement. That is, as the male characters of these texts start to lose their power over the female subjects, the latter obtain greater autonomy, even as they lose their life or their “decency” status in the process. In such sense, prostitutes and ill women are pictured as subjects of knowledge, and such knowledge brings to light their exclusion from the project of modernity. In contrast, doctors, once held as representatives of truth and progress for their association with science, are derided through the use of humor and their portrayal as adulterers, serial killers, and messengers of death. To demonstrate this hypothesis, this work is structured in three chapters. First, it analyzes the de-idealization of the ill woman in the four selected works to establish a critical reading of pain, shame and unhappiness derived from the affect theory. Second, it studies the representation and the role of the prostitute in Blanca Sol and “El velo de la Purísima”, considering the gender roles that operate above her and her strategies of subsistence/resistance. Lastly, in the third chapter, it will examine the crisis of the medical subject/knowledge in “El corsé” and La rosa muerta. To do this, it will be necessary to analyze the construction of overflowing masculinities, as well as the spectral and uncanny character of the physician.
This thesis proposes a relational reading of four literary texts written by Latin American women and published in the entre siglos period (1880-1914). Specifically, representations of the doctor, the prostitute and the ill woman are studied in Mercedes Cabello’s Blanca Sol (1889), Clorinda Matto’s “El corsé” (1890), Aurora Cáceres’s La rosa muerta (1914) and Adela Zamudio’s “El velo de la Purísima”. Through the use psychoanalysis, feminist literary criticism and contemporary critical theory, this thesis seeks to analyze the gender and power relations in works that problematize the dominant aesthetic-ideological matrices in the literary production of the epoch, such as modernism, naturalism, and the decadent movement. That is, as the male characters of these texts start to lose their power over the female subjects, the latter obtain greater autonomy, even as they lose their life or their “decency” status in the process. In such sense, prostitutes and ill women are pictured as subjects of knowledge, and such knowledge brings to light their exclusion from the project of modernity. In contrast, doctors, once held as representatives of truth and progress for their association with science, are derided through the use of humor and their portrayal as adulterers, serial killers, and messengers of death. To demonstrate this hypothesis, this work is structured in three chapters. First, it analyzes the de-idealization of the ill woman in the four selected works to establish a critical reading of pain, shame and unhappiness derived from the affect theory. Second, it studies the representation and the role of the prostitute in Blanca Sol and “El velo de la Purísima”, considering the gender roles that operate above her and her strategies of subsistence/resistance. Lastly, in the third chapter, it will examine the crisis of the medical subject/knowledge in “El corsé” and La rosa muerta. To do this, it will be necessary to analyze the construction of overflowing masculinities, as well as the spectral and uncanny character of the physician.
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Escritoras latinoamericanas--Siglos XIX-XX--Crítica e interpretación, Narrativa latinoamericana--Siglos XIX-XX, Masculinidad en la literatura, Mujeres en la literatura
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