Inteligencia artificial y discriminación en el empleo: un análisis de las barreras que enfrentan las personas con discapacidad en los procesos de selección
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente artículo tiene como objetivo conocer el panorama de las personas con
discapacidad en el acceso al empleo, destacando, a través de estadísticas, que hasta
la fecha continúan enfrentando barreras significativas que dificultan su inclusión en el
mercado laboral, en comparación con las personas sin discapacidad. Además, se
presentarán los porcentajes de cumplimiento de la cuota de empleo para la inserción de
personas con discapacidad en el mercado laboral por parte de los empleadores, los
cuales reflejan una realidad desfavorable.
Asimismo, se analizará el incremento en el uso de la inteligencia artificial en los procesos
de selección por parte de los empleadores, y cómo su aplicación puede generar un
impacto negativo en el acceso al empleo de las personas con discapacidad,
específicamente debido a la falta de accesibilidad y los sesgos algorítmicos. Se
identificará que, a pesar de la normativa existente a favor de las personas con
discapacidad, estas herramientas incrementan las barreras significativas que dificultan
la inclusión laboral y perpetúan patrones discriminatorios.
En relación con este análisis, se examinará la normativa europea que regula el uso de
la inteligencia artificial, enfocándose en su marco orientado a establecer estándares
para garantizar la transparencia, la supervisión humana y la protección de los derechos
fundamentales en el ámbito laboral. Esta regulación clasifica como de alto riesgo la
inteligencia artificial en los procesos de contratación y establece medidas concretas para
prevenir prácticas discriminatorias, tales como la supervisión efectiva y la obligación de
informar a los afectados sobre las decisiones automatizadas.
Este enfoque se presenta como clave para el desarrollo de una normativa adecuada en
Perú, que, además, contribuirá al cumplimiento de la cuota de empleo exigida por
nuestra legislación, mediante estrategias inclusivas y controles efectivos sobre el uso
de tecnologías automatizadas. Esto permitirá asegurar la igualdad de oportunidades y
condiciones laborales justas para las personas con discapacidad.
The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the situation of people with disabilities in access to employment, highlighting, through statistics, that to date they continue to face significant barriers that hinder their inclusion in the labor market, compared to people without disabilities. In addition, the percentages of compliance with the employment quota for the insertion of people with disabilities in the labor market by employers will be presented, which reflect an unfavorable reality. Likewise, the increase in the use of artificial intelligence in selection processes by employers will be analyzed, and how its application can generate a negative impact on access to employment for people with disabilities, specifically due to the lack of accessibility and algorithmic biases. It will be identified that, despite existing regulations in favor of people with disabilities, these tools increase significant barriers that hinder labor inclusion and perpetuate discriminatory patterns. In connection with this analysis, the European regulation governing the use of artificial intelligence will be examined, focusing on its framework aimed at establishing standards to ensure transparency, human supervision and the protection of fundamental rights in the workplace. This regulation classifies artificial intelligence in hiring processes as highrisk and establishes concrete measures to prevent discriminatory practices, such as effective supervision and the obligation to inform those affected about automated decisions. This approach is presented as key to the development of adequate regulations in Peru, which, in addition, will contribute to compliance with the employment quota required by our legislation, through inclusive strategies and effective controls on the use of automated technologies. This will ensure equal opportunities and fair working conditions for people with disabilities.
The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the situation of people with disabilities in access to employment, highlighting, through statistics, that to date they continue to face significant barriers that hinder their inclusion in the labor market, compared to people without disabilities. In addition, the percentages of compliance with the employment quota for the insertion of people with disabilities in the labor market by employers will be presented, which reflect an unfavorable reality. Likewise, the increase in the use of artificial intelligence in selection processes by employers will be analyzed, and how its application can generate a negative impact on access to employment for people with disabilities, specifically due to the lack of accessibility and algorithmic biases. It will be identified that, despite existing regulations in favor of people with disabilities, these tools increase significant barriers that hinder labor inclusion and perpetuate discriminatory patterns. In connection with this analysis, the European regulation governing the use of artificial intelligence will be examined, focusing on its framework aimed at establishing standards to ensure transparency, human supervision and the protection of fundamental rights in the workplace. This regulation classifies artificial intelligence in hiring processes as highrisk and establishes concrete measures to prevent discriminatory practices, such as effective supervision and the obligation to inform those affected about automated decisions. This approach is presented as key to the development of adequate regulations in Peru, which, in addition, will contribute to compliance with the employment quota required by our legislation, through inclusive strategies and effective controls on the use of automated technologies. This will ensure equal opportunities and fair working conditions for people with disabilities.
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Derecho laboral--Legislación--Perú, Discriminación en el trabajo--Perú, Personas con discapacidad--Integración social
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