Factores que favorecieron la implementación proyecto de turismo rural comunitario desarrollado por la asociación de turismo vivencial “Raíces Inkas”, bajo el modelo asociativo, en la ciudad de Cusco, periodo 2018-2019
Date
2025-03-05
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Dentro de las tendencias del turismo, encontramos una fuerte inclinación hacia el viaje
responsable, el cual busca alternativas de destinos sostenibles y tiene preferencia por
sitios que favorezcan el progreso tanto social como ambiental, manteniendo un
compromiso con el desarrollo sostenible del entorno.
Las vivencias auténticas aglutinan las destacadas propuestas que Perú ofrece como
productos turísticos sostenibles, competitivos y genuinos. Estos a su vez, forman parte
de los productos denominados como Turismo Rural Comunitario, creado por el
MINCETUR (Ministerio de comercio Exterior y Turismo).
Este tipo de turismo, no tiene mucho tiempo ejecutándose en nuestro país y por lo
tanto enfrenta ciertos desafíos que contemplan la implementación y entendimiento de
la operación y comercialización de producto por parte de los involucrados, es decir la
gestión de los emprendimientos, en este caso las comunidades y familias locales.
Dado que existen diferentes emprendimientos de este tipo de turismo a nivel nacional,
la Asociación de turismo vivencial “Raíces Inkas” destaca entre muchos, en primer
lugar, por su vigencia en el tiempo; lleva 18 años de funcionamiento siendo un gran
referente para las nuevas iniciativas.
La Asociación se encuentra ubicada en la Comunidad de Raqchi, en el departamento
de Cusco, lugar donde ya conviven otras iniciativas en distintos grados de desarrollo.
La presente investigación examina los principales factores que han hecho de la
Asociación de turismo vivencial “Raíces Inkas” un caso exitoso. Para ello
conoceremos qué elementos favorecieron la implementación del proyecto de Turismo
Rural Comunitario desarrollado por la Asociación y analizando los procesos,
actividades y las estrategias aplicadas, la promoción de la participación comunitaria,
el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida y la consideración del enfoque intercultural, lo
cual permitirá proponer medidas de mejora y fortalecimiento del proyecto. El periodo de investigación abarca los años 2018-2019, se optó por emplear el estudio
de caso como forma de llevar a cabo la investigación y se usó la metodología
cualitativa, basada principalmente en la indagación, así como la metodología
cuantitativa. Para el recojo de la información se utilizó las técnicas de entrevista,
encuesta y observación, logrando un análisis sobre la participación de los actores
involucrados, la gestión del emprendimiento, sus potencialidades, planes a futuro y
gracias al uso de estas técnicas se resolvieron las incógnitas que originaron la
investigación.
Los hallazgos de la investigación muestran que la asociación ha sabido aprovechar
las oportunidades que les brinda su ubicación estratégica, a través de la
implementación de un proyecto de Turismo Rural Comunitario (TRC), el cual
complementariamente a sus otras actividades principales tales como la agricultura y
venta de artesanías, ha logrado mejorar su economía y calidad de vida.
Se evidenció la cogestión de la asociación por la presencia de otras instituciones
públicas y privadas involucradas en el desarrollo del proyecto. La investigación señala
que existen acciones por mejorar como crear y fortalecer el uso de documentos de
gestión, así mismo desarrollar las capacidades de gestión de los beneficiarios,
logrando el fortalecimiento del capital humano y social de la asociación, fortalecer el
seguimiento y control de las acciones implementadas como parte de las diversas
capacitaciones recibidas, mejorar el modelo de distribución de ingresos, ampliar la
promoción de la asociación y de esta manera optimizar la cogestión y actividad
turística en la comunidad para lograr un mayor impacto a favor de la economía local.
Within tourism trends, we find a strong inclination towards responsible travel, which seeks alternatives to sustainable destinations and has a preference for places committed and friendly to the development of the environment, whether social or natural. Live experiences bring together the main initiatives that Peru presents as sustainable, competitive and authentic tourism products. These, in turn, are part of the products called Community Rural Tourism, created by MINCETUR (Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism). This type of tourism does not have much time running in our country and therefore faces certain challenges that contemplate the implementation and understanding of the operation and commercialization of the product by those involved, that is, the management of the ventures, in this case Local communities and families. Given that there are different ventures of this type of tourism at the national level, the Experiential Tourism Association "Raíces Inkas" stands out among many, first, for its validity over time; It has been operating for 18 years being a great reference for new initiatives. The Association is located in the Community of Raqchi, in the department of Cusco, where other enterprises in different degrees of development already live together. The present investigation investigates the main factors that have made the Experiential Tourism Association “Raíces Inkas” a successful case. To do this, we will know what favored the implementation of the Community Rural Tourism project through the actions developed by the Association and analyzing the processes, strategies applied, the promotion of community participation, the improvement of the quality of life and the consideration of the intercultural approach, which will allow us to propose measures to improve and strengthen the project. The investigation period covers the years 2018-2019, the case study was assumed as a way of approaching the investigation and the qualitative methodology was used, based mainly on the investigation, as well as the quantitative methodology. For the collection of the information, the interview, survey and observation techniques were used, achieving an analysis on the participation of the actors involved, the management of the venture, its potential, future plans and thanks to the use of these techniques the unknowns were resolved that originated the investigation. The research findings show that the association has taken advantage of the opportunities offered by its strategic location, through the implementation of a model of Community Rural Tourism (TRC), which in addition to its other main activities such as agriculture and sale of handicrafts, has managed to improve its economy and quality of life. The co-management of the association was evidenced by the presence of other public and private institutions involved in the development of the project. The research indicates that there are actions to improve like to create and strengthen the use of management documents, as well as develop the management capacities of the beneficiaries, achieving the strengthening of the association's human and social capital, strengthening the monitoring and control of the actions implemented as part of the various training received, improve the income distribution model, expand the promotion of the association and thus optimize the co-management and tourism activity in the community to achieve a greater impact in favor of the local economy.
Within tourism trends, we find a strong inclination towards responsible travel, which seeks alternatives to sustainable destinations and has a preference for places committed and friendly to the development of the environment, whether social or natural. Live experiences bring together the main initiatives that Peru presents as sustainable, competitive and authentic tourism products. These, in turn, are part of the products called Community Rural Tourism, created by MINCETUR (Ministry of Foreign Trade and Tourism). This type of tourism does not have much time running in our country and therefore faces certain challenges that contemplate the implementation and understanding of the operation and commercialization of the product by those involved, that is, the management of the ventures, in this case Local communities and families. Given that there are different ventures of this type of tourism at the national level, the Experiential Tourism Association "Raíces Inkas" stands out among many, first, for its validity over time; It has been operating for 18 years being a great reference for new initiatives. The Association is located in the Community of Raqchi, in the department of Cusco, where other enterprises in different degrees of development already live together. The present investigation investigates the main factors that have made the Experiential Tourism Association “Raíces Inkas” a successful case. To do this, we will know what favored the implementation of the Community Rural Tourism project through the actions developed by the Association and analyzing the processes, strategies applied, the promotion of community participation, the improvement of the quality of life and the consideration of the intercultural approach, which will allow us to propose measures to improve and strengthen the project. The investigation period covers the years 2018-2019, the case study was assumed as a way of approaching the investigation and the qualitative methodology was used, based mainly on the investigation, as well as the quantitative methodology. For the collection of the information, the interview, survey and observation techniques were used, achieving an analysis on the participation of the actors involved, the management of the venture, its potential, future plans and thanks to the use of these techniques the unknowns were resolved that originated the investigation. The research findings show that the association has taken advantage of the opportunities offered by its strategic location, through the implementation of a model of Community Rural Tourism (TRC), which in addition to its other main activities such as agriculture and sale of handicrafts, has managed to improve its economy and quality of life. The co-management of the association was evidenced by the presence of other public and private institutions involved in the development of the project. The research indicates that there are actions to improve like to create and strengthen the use of management documents, as well as develop the management capacities of the beneficiaries, achieving the strengthening of the association's human and social capital, strengthening the monitoring and control of the actions implemented as part of the various training received, improve the income distribution model, expand the promotion of the association and thus optimize the co-management and tourism activity in the community to achieve a greater impact in favor of the local economy.
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Keywords
Turismo sustentable--Perú--Cuzco, Desarrollo rural--Perú--Cuzco, Desarrollo sostenible--Participación ciudadana--Perú--Cuzco
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