Sensibilidad materna y apoyo social percibido en madres de niños preescolares de NSE bajo
Date
2017-09-26
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La investigación tuvo como finalidad conocer la relación entre sensibilidad materna y el apoyo social
percibido por madres de niños/as preescolares de nivel socioeconómico bajo. Para ello, participaron 29
madres entre 23 y 44 años (M = 29.57, DE = 5.65), cuyos hijos/as tenían entre 49 y 73 meses de edad
(M = 57, DE = 6.87). Se utilizó el Maternal Behavior for Preschoolers’ Q-Set (Posada, Moreno, &
Richmond, 1998) en modalidad de observación y el Cuestionario de Desenlaces Médicos de Apoyo
Social (Sherbourne & Stewart, 1991) validado en español por Rodríguez y Enrique (2007). Los
resultados mostraron una asociación significativa y positiva de mediana magnitud entre el apoyo social
de tipo instrumental y el nivel global de sensibilidad materna, así también con las escalas de supervisión
y monitoreo, y apoyo de base segura. Se tuvo como objetivo específico describir la sensibilidad
materna, obteniéndose un bajo nivel en sus puntuaciones, así como una correlación negativa de
significancia marginal con la edad de la madre. Respecto al segundo objetivo específico, se describió
el apoyo social y se identificó que el apoyo instrumental se percibe en menor medida que los otros tipos
de soporte, además de hallar diferencias en el nivel de apoyo según la estructura familiar de la madre.
Estos hallazgos revelan que en contextos de pobreza, a medida que las cuidadoras perciben asistencia
conductual y material tanto en el cuidado de su hijo/a preescolar como en sus labores cotidianas, ellas
tienden a mostrarse más sensibles en la crianza.
The research aims at exploring the relationship between maternal sensitivity and perceived social support in mothers of pre-school children of low socioeconomic status. Twenty-nine mothers between the ages of 23 and 44 (M = 29.57, SD = 5.65), whose children were between 49 and 73 months of age (M = 57, SD = 6.87). This study used the Maternal Behavior for Preschoolers' Q-Set (Posada, Moreno, & Richmond, 1998) in observation mode, and the Social Support Medical Outcomes Questionnaire (Sherbourne & Stewart, 1991) validated in Spanish by Rodríguez and Enrique (2007). The results showed a significant and positive association of medium magnitude between instrumental type social support and the overall level of maternal sensitivity, as well as with the scale supervision and monitoring and safe base support. A specific objective was to describe maternal sensitivity, which was found a low level in her grades, as well as a negative correlation of marginal significance with the mother's age. Regarding the second specific objective, the social support was described and it was identified that the instrumental support is the one that is perceived in a smaller proportion than the other types of support, besides finding differences in the level of support according to the family structure of the mother. These findings indicate that in contexts of poverty, as mothers perceive behavioral and material assistance in the care of their preschool child and in their daily tasks, they tend to be more sensitive in parenting.
The research aims at exploring the relationship between maternal sensitivity and perceived social support in mothers of pre-school children of low socioeconomic status. Twenty-nine mothers between the ages of 23 and 44 (M = 29.57, SD = 5.65), whose children were between 49 and 73 months of age (M = 57, SD = 6.87). This study used the Maternal Behavior for Preschoolers' Q-Set (Posada, Moreno, & Richmond, 1998) in observation mode, and the Social Support Medical Outcomes Questionnaire (Sherbourne & Stewart, 1991) validated in Spanish by Rodríguez and Enrique (2007). The results showed a significant and positive association of medium magnitude between instrumental type social support and the overall level of maternal sensitivity, as well as with the scale supervision and monitoring and safe base support. A specific objective was to describe maternal sensitivity, which was found a low level in her grades, as well as a negative correlation of marginal significance with the mother's age. Regarding the second specific objective, the social support was described and it was identified that the instrumental support is the one that is perceived in a smaller proportion than the other types of support, besides finding differences in the level of support according to the family structure of the mother. These findings indicate that in contexts of poverty, as mothers perceive behavioral and material assistance in the care of their preschool child and in their daily tasks, they tend to be more sensitive in parenting.
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Sensibilidad, Maternidad, Trastornos de la conducta infantil, Pobreza
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