La Amazonía desde la mirada de tres viajeros en el siglo XIX: Giuseppe Castrucci, Gaetano Osculati y Antonio Raimondi
Date
2024-05-08
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Esta tesis presenta los puntos de vista sobre la vida, los paisajes y los territorios de
Amazonía formulados por tres viajeros europeos en el Perú del siglo XIX: Giuseppe
Castrucci, Gaetano Osculati y Antonio Raimondi. En este trabajo se muestra como
construyeron un imaginario sobre un mundo amazónico exótico a través de la producción
textual y visual de sus viajes y que cumple un rol importante la noción de lo “pintoresco”. Se
trata de tres representaciones relevantes porque amplios públicos europeos conocieron la
región a través sus relatos, grabados, acuarelas y mapas. No obstante, a pesar del común fondo
exotista, los tres viajeros también expresaron intereses y enfoques distintos en sus
aproximaciones a la Amazonía como objeto de estudio. En el caso de Castrucci, su obra se
enfocó en describir a los pobladores del oriente peruano y sus costumbres, que consideraba
salvajes e incivilizadas. Osculati, por su lado, se interesó en explorar locaciones nuevas y
exóticas, a la vez que perseguía ser reconocido en el ámbito científico como un expedicionario
nacionalista. Finalmente, Raimondi trató de informar al público, a las autoridades y al mundo
científico sobre las potencialidad de la región oriental para impulsar el desarrollo del país.
Estas tres empresas científicas ocurrieron en un contexto muy específico del siglo XIX: el
creciente nacionalismo y el del trabajo científico prestigios que se fundaba en la organización
de exposiciones y gabinetes, y en la formación de asociaciones y colecciones científicas.
This thesis presents Giuseppe Castrucci, Gaetano Osculati and Antonio Raimondi’s approaches to the life, landscapes, and territory of the Amazon region. They were European travelers working in Peru during the 19th Century. My research shows how they produce an imaginary about an exotic Amazonian world through their traveler’s textual and visual productions. They were relevant because of their stories, engravings, watercolors, and maps were known and praised as real portraits of Peruvian wild nature by European public. Although Castrucci, Osculati, and Raimondi share a common exotifying point of view, they also expressed different emphasis and interests on their approaches to the Amazon region as an object of inquiry. In the case of Castrucci, he focused on depicting Amazon’s peoples and customs, that he considered savage and uncivilized. Osculati, in the other hand, was interested in exploring new and exotic places pursuing scientific recognition as a nationalist expeditionary. Finally, Raimondi wanted to inform the public, authorities, and the scientific world about the Amazonian region’s potential to boost Peruvian development. These three travelers’ endeavors flourished in a very specific 19th century context: the growing nationalism that included the use of science to gain prestige through exhibitions, cabinets, scientific associations, and scientific collections.
This thesis presents Giuseppe Castrucci, Gaetano Osculati and Antonio Raimondi’s approaches to the life, landscapes, and territory of the Amazon region. They were European travelers working in Peru during the 19th Century. My research shows how they produce an imaginary about an exotic Amazonian world through their traveler’s textual and visual productions. They were relevant because of their stories, engravings, watercolors, and maps were known and praised as real portraits of Peruvian wild nature by European public. Although Castrucci, Osculati, and Raimondi share a common exotifying point of view, they also expressed different emphasis and interests on their approaches to the Amazon region as an object of inquiry. In the case of Castrucci, he focused on depicting Amazon’s peoples and customs, that he considered savage and uncivilized. Osculati, in the other hand, was interested in exploring new and exotic places pursuing scientific recognition as a nationalist expeditionary. Finally, Raimondi wanted to inform the public, authorities, and the scientific world about the Amazonian region’s potential to boost Peruvian development. These three travelers’ endeavors flourished in a very specific 19th century context: the growing nationalism that included the use of science to gain prestige through exhibitions, cabinets, scientific associations, and scientific collections.
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Keywords
Castrucci, Giuseppe, Osculati, Gaetano, 1808-1884, Raimondi, Antonio, 1826-1890, Amazonía, Región (Perú)--Descripciones y viajes--Siglo XIX, Amazonía, Región (Perú)--Vida social y costumbres--Siglo XIX
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