La anulación del laudo por vicios de motivación: una interpretación armoniosa de las disposiciones de la Ley de Arbitraje
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2025-03-14
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
Ha quedado establecido por el Tribunal Constitucional peruano que las garantías
del debido proceso informan todo ejercicio de la función jurisdiccional reconocido
por la Constitución, como es el caso del arbitraje. Sin embargo, la tutela de la
garantía de debida motivación del laudo arbitral plantea algunas dificultades.
La Ley de Arbitraje ha establecido una lista de causales taxativas por las cuales
se puede pretender la anulación del laudo arbitral, ninguna de las cuales
expresamente reconoce la vulneración a la debida motivación como causal de
anulación del laudo.
Asimismo, también es un asunto problemático determinar el “estándar de
motivación” del laudo arbitral con respecto a las resoluciones judiciales. Si bien
se debe garantizar la debida motivación incluso en sede arbitral, la Ley de
Arbitraje ha prohibido a los jueces conocer el fondo de la controversia,
pronunciarse y calificar las motivaciones, interpretaciones y criterios expuestos
por los árbitros en el laudo. De esta forma, los jueces están llamados a revisar
que el laudo cumpla con una debida motivación, pero sin pronunciarse sobre el
fondo de la controversia ni calificar las motivaciones expuestas por los árbitros.
Mediante el presente artículo nos proponemos realizar una interpretación
armoniosa de las disposiciones de la Ley de Arbitraje y los pronunciamientos del
Tribunal Constitucional, apoyándonos en la doctrina nacional al respecto, a
efectos de proponer una solución para estas dificultades.
It has been established by the Peruvian Constitutional Court that the guarantees of due process inform every exercise of the jurisdictional function recognized by the Constitution, such as arbitration. However, protecting the guarantee of due motivation of the arbitration award poses some difficulties. The Arbitration Law has established a list of exhaustive causes for which the annulment of the arbitration award can be sought, none of which expressly recognizes the violation of due motivation as a cause for annulment of the award. Likewise, it is also a problematic matter to determine the “standard of motivation” of the arbitration award with respect to judicial resolutions. Although due motivation must be guaranteed even at the arbitration venue, the Arbitration Law has prohibited judges from knowing the substance of the controversy, ruling on and qualifying the motivations, interpretations and criteria set forth by the arbitrators in the award. In this way, judges are called upon to review that the award complies with due motivation, but without ruling on the substance of the controversy or qualifying the motivations expressed by the arbitrators. Through this article we propose to carry out a harmonious interpretation of the provisions of the Arbitration Law and the pronouncements of the Constitutional Court, relying on the national doctrine in this regard, in order to propose a solution for these difficulties.
It has been established by the Peruvian Constitutional Court that the guarantees of due process inform every exercise of the jurisdictional function recognized by the Constitution, such as arbitration. However, protecting the guarantee of due motivation of the arbitration award poses some difficulties. The Arbitration Law has established a list of exhaustive causes for which the annulment of the arbitration award can be sought, none of which expressly recognizes the violation of due motivation as a cause for annulment of the award. Likewise, it is also a problematic matter to determine the “standard of motivation” of the arbitration award with respect to judicial resolutions. Although due motivation must be guaranteed even at the arbitration venue, the Arbitration Law has prohibited judges from knowing the substance of the controversy, ruling on and qualifying the motivations, interpretations and criteria set forth by the arbitrators in the award. In this way, judges are called upon to review that the award complies with due motivation, but without ruling on the substance of the controversy or qualifying the motivations expressed by the arbitrators. Through this article we propose to carry out a harmonious interpretation of the provisions of the Arbitration Law and the pronouncements of the Constitutional Court, relying on the national doctrine in this regard, in order to propose a solution for these difficulties.
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Arbitraje y laudo--Perú, Nulidad (Derecho)--Perú, Debido proceso--Perú, Derecho procesal--Perú
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