Estrategias de adaptación ante el Bullying Homofóbico en Adolescentes de Lima Metropolitana
Date
2022-09-12
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación explora las estrategias de adaptación frente a situaciones de
bullying homofóbico en adolescentes de Lima Metropolitana. El bullying homofóbico es un
tipo de intimidación contra ciertos individuos por su desencaje con los roles de género
asumidos dentro de la consideración tradicional (Pimenta y Martins, 2013). Consiste en
insultos relacionados a la orientación sexual de la persona, acompañados de ataques físicos
y verbales (Espelage et al., 2012). Estudios en Perú revelan que este problema afecta a una
mayoría de adolescentes (42%), siendo los adolescentes LGTBQ+ quienes se ven más
afectados (67%) (Cáceres y Salazar, 2013). No hay, sin embargo, estudios en Perú que
ahonden en los recursos personales y sociales de los afectados para lidiar con su situación,
ni que evalúen las consecuencias de estas adaptaciones en términos de su efectividad. Por
ello, desde un enfoque de teoría fundamentada (Strauss y Corbin, 2002), se realizaron, entre
los años 2014 y 2016, 8 entrevistas en profundidad a estudiantes adolescentes, autoidentificados
como hombres gays, lesbianas, bisexuales y estudiantes cis-heterosexuales,
que habían atravesado por una situación directa o indirecta de bullying homofóbico mayor
de 6 meses en su respectivo entorno educativo. La data recolectada arrojó 3 estilos de
adaptación transversales (asimilacionista, integrador y disfuncional) que se pueden plantear
en torno al ajuste a la violencia de género.
The present study explores the coping strategies to face homophobic bullying among teenagers in the Metropolitan area of Lima. Homophobic bullying is a type of intimidation related to a victim’s lack of adjustment to gender-related roles established in society (Pimenta y Martins, 2013). It consists of homophobic insults, sometimes accompanied by verbal and physical aggression (Espelage et al., 2012). Studies in Peru show that this issue affects a large number of teenagers (42%), the LGTBQ+ students being the most affected ones (67%) (Cáceres y Salazar, 2013). However, there is no in-depth research in Peru on the personal and social resources those teenagers have to deal with their situation, nor on the effectiveness of the strategies they adopt. Which is why, based on a grounded theory perspective (Strauss y Corbin, 2002), 8 interviews were conducted during the period 2014- 2016 with self-identified lesbian, gay men, bisexual and cis-heterosexual students who had experienced direct and indirect homophobic bullying for more than 6 months. 3 crosssectional coping styles were identified (assimilation, integration and dis-functionalism), developed around gender violence’s adjustment.
The present study explores the coping strategies to face homophobic bullying among teenagers in the Metropolitan area of Lima. Homophobic bullying is a type of intimidation related to a victim’s lack of adjustment to gender-related roles established in society (Pimenta y Martins, 2013). It consists of homophobic insults, sometimes accompanied by verbal and physical aggression (Espelage et al., 2012). Studies in Peru show that this issue affects a large number of teenagers (42%), the LGTBQ+ students being the most affected ones (67%) (Cáceres y Salazar, 2013). However, there is no in-depth research in Peru on the personal and social resources those teenagers have to deal with their situation, nor on the effectiveness of the strategies they adopt. Which is why, based on a grounded theory perspective (Strauss y Corbin, 2002), 8 interviews were conducted during the period 2014- 2016 with self-identified lesbian, gay men, bisexual and cis-heterosexual students who had experienced direct and indirect homophobic bullying for more than 6 months. 3 crosssectional coping styles were identified (assimilation, integration and dis-functionalism), developed around gender violence’s adjustment.
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Keywords
Minorías sexuales, Homofobia, Adolescentes, Adaptación (Psicología) en adolescentes
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