Base de datos de perfiles balísticos de armas de fuego legales para combatir la expansión del delito de sicariato en Lima Metropolitana, 2022 - 2023
Date
2024-10-07
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú.
Abstract
En la actualidad uno de los delitos que por su expansión más impacta en la
sociedad limeña es el sicariato, cuya comisión es una constante amenaza que
se manifiesta a través de homicidios encargados a individuos y grupos delictivos.
Según registros de la Policía Nacional del Perú (PNP) el 100% de los Delitos
Contra la Vida, el Cuerpo y la Salud (DCVCS) – Sicariato han sido ejecutados
mediante el empleo de armas de fuego. En su mayoría estos actos son llevados
a cabo por personas jóvenes. Los incidentes relacionados con esta amenaza
criminal están en aumento, representando un grave riesgo social vinculado a
delitos como el contrabando de sustancias ilícitas, la extorsión, la explotación de
seres humanos, la minería ilegal, el tráfico ilegal de terrenos y otras actividades
criminales afines.
La iniciativa de innovación planteada identifica la expansión del delito de sicariato
en Lima Metropolitana, como amenaza para la convivencia social, la integridad
personal y la seguridad ciudadana. Fueron identificadas las razones que explican
esta situación, se estableció como la determinante a priorizar el inadecuado
registro y control de las armas de fuego legales y subsecuente incremento del
mercado ilegal, como una de las causas que influyen en el bajo nivel de
resolución de estos crímenes, llegando inclusive en algunos casos a su no
esclarecimiento, lo que conlleva a la impunidad.
El proyecto de innovación plantea la implementación de una Base de Datos de
Perfiles Balísticos de Armas de Fuego Legales (BDPBAFL), complementada con
leyes drásticas y castigos efectivos para reprimir el delito de sicariato. Existe,
aparte, un Sistema Integrado de Identificación Balística (IBIS, por sus siglas en
inglés), que comprende el registro de proyectiles y casquillos de armas de fuego
incriminadas o sujetas a investigación, tanto legales como ilegales. El BDPBAFL
que se plantea es un registro general antes de la venta del arma, es decir antes
de su oferta en el mercado y que llegue a manos del comprador/usuario (persona
jurídica o natural). Será un requisito previo, que implica la exigencia por norma
expresa, que la empresa o persona que quiera vender un arma de fuego deba acudir a la Dirección de Criminalística (Departamento de Balística Forense) de
la PNP, con la finalidad de que el arma a comercializar sea sometida a disparos
experimentales y estas muestras almacenadas en la base de datos.
Este BDPBAFL permitirá identificar rápidamente la procedencia del arma y
determinar si fue legal o ilegal, en cuyo caso varía la orientación de la
investigación. Es, por tanto, una herramienta de reducción de tiempos en la lucha
contra el sicariato y permite saber el origen de las armas usadas en el suceso.
El objetivo es aminorar el sicariato, restringiendo además la negociación de
armas en el mercado ilegal. Al final se busca favorecer a la población victimizada
de la zona metropolitana de Lima.
Este proyecto innovador establece y delinea los estándares de atracción,
viabilidad y capacidad esenciales para ejecutar con éxito su implementación.
Currently, one of the crimes that, due to its expansion, has the greatest impact on Lima's society is hired assassination, whose commission is a constant threat that manifests itself through homicides committed by individuals and criminal group. According to records of the Peruvian National Police (PNP), 100% of the Crimes Against Life, Body and Health (DCVCS) - Sicariato have been carried out through the use of firearms. Most of these acts are carried out by young people. Incidents related to this criminal threat are on the rise, representing a serious social risk linked to crimes such as smuggling of illicit substances, extortion, exploitation of human beings, illegal mining, illegal land trafficking and other related criminal activities. The proposed innovation initiative identifies the expansion of the crime of hired assassination in Metropolitan Lima as a threat to social coexistence, personal integrity and citizen security. The reasons for this situation were identified, and the inadequate registration and control of legal firearms and the subsequent increase in the illegal market were established as one of the causes that influence the low level of resolution of these crimes, even leading in some cases to their non-clarification, which leads to impunity. The innovation project proposes the implementation of a Legal Firearms Ballistic Profile Database (BDPBAFL), complemented with drastic laws and effective punishments to repress the crime of hired assassination. There is also an Integrated Ballistic Identification System (IBIS), which includes the registration of projectiles and casings of incriminated or investigated firearms, both legal and illegal.The proposed BDPBAFL is a general registry prior to the sale of the firearm, i.e. before it is offered on the market and reaches the hands of the buyer/user (legal or natural person).It will be a prerequisite, which implies the requirement by express norm, that the company or person who wants to sell a firearm must go to the Criminalistics Directorate (Forensic Ballistics Department) of the PNP, so that the weapon to be marketed is subjected to experimental firing and these samples are stored in the database. This BDPBAFL will make it possible to quickly identify the origin of the weapon and determine whether it is legal or illegal, in which case the direction of the investigation changes. It is, therefore, a tool to reduce time in the fight against hired assassinations and makes it possible to know the origin of the weapons used in the event. This innovative project establishes and outlines the standards of attractiveness, feasibility and capacity essential to successfully execute its implementation.
Currently, one of the crimes that, due to its expansion, has the greatest impact on Lima's society is hired assassination, whose commission is a constant threat that manifests itself through homicides committed by individuals and criminal group. According to records of the Peruvian National Police (PNP), 100% of the Crimes Against Life, Body and Health (DCVCS) - Sicariato have been carried out through the use of firearms. Most of these acts are carried out by young people. Incidents related to this criminal threat are on the rise, representing a serious social risk linked to crimes such as smuggling of illicit substances, extortion, exploitation of human beings, illegal mining, illegal land trafficking and other related criminal activities. The proposed innovation initiative identifies the expansion of the crime of hired assassination in Metropolitan Lima as a threat to social coexistence, personal integrity and citizen security. The reasons for this situation were identified, and the inadequate registration and control of legal firearms and the subsequent increase in the illegal market were established as one of the causes that influence the low level of resolution of these crimes, even leading in some cases to their non-clarification, which leads to impunity. The innovation project proposes the implementation of a Legal Firearms Ballistic Profile Database (BDPBAFL), complemented with drastic laws and effective punishments to repress the crime of hired assassination. There is also an Integrated Ballistic Identification System (IBIS), which includes the registration of projectiles and casings of incriminated or investigated firearms, both legal and illegal.The proposed BDPBAFL is a general registry prior to the sale of the firearm, i.e. before it is offered on the market and reaches the hands of the buyer/user (legal or natural person).It will be a prerequisite, which implies the requirement by express norm, that the company or person who wants to sell a firearm must go to the Criminalistics Directorate (Forensic Ballistics Department) of the PNP, so that the weapon to be marketed is subjected to experimental firing and these samples are stored in the database. This BDPBAFL will make it possible to quickly identify the origin of the weapon and determine whether it is legal or illegal, in which case the direction of the investigation changes. It is, therefore, a tool to reduce time in the fight against hired assassinations and makes it possible to know the origin of the weapons used in the event. This innovative project establishes and outlines the standards of attractiveness, feasibility and capacity essential to successfully execute its implementation.
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Keywords
Policía Nacional (Perú), Balística forense--Base de datos--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Armas de fuego--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Crimen organizado--Perú--Lima Metropolitana
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