Planeamiento estratégico del sector de las fuentes no convencionales de energía renovable en Colombia
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2017-06-14
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
A través de los años y en el ámbito mundial, la generación de energía eléctrica por
medio de fuentes no convencionales de energía como el sol, el viento, la biomasa, y la
energía mareomotriz, ha estado creciendo constantemente tanto en capacidad instalada (i.e.,
megawatt) como en número de proyectos implementados. Parte importante de este
crecimiento se debe a la mejora continua en la tecnología de producción que utilizan entre
otros los paneles solares, las turbinas eólicas, o las calderas de biomasa. Dichas mejoras han
disminuido los costos de inversión y han aumentado la eficiencia de los equipos de
generación, volviendo cada vez más viables y rentables los proyectos de generación de
energía a través de Fuentes No Convencionales de Energía (FNCER). Pero no solo la
tecnología y las finanzas han favorecido las “energías limpias” o “verdes”, la tendencia
mundial por mitigar los efectos del cambio climático que disminuye la emisión de gases de
efecto invernadero a la atmósfera ha propiciado la disminución del uso de combustibles
fósiles para generar energía eléctrica y abrir paso a la utilización masiva de energías FNCER.
A lo largo de este documento, se pueden observar los antecedentes, la situación
general en el ámbito mundial, la situación actual, y el futuro deseado del sector de las
FNCER en Colombia. La planeación estratégica de este sector está sustentada en seis
objetivos a largo plazo (OLP) para ser alcanzados en 2029 y será implementada por medio de
10 estrategias que buscan el aumento de la capacidad instalada de proyectos FNCER,
diversificando así la canasta energética y aprovechando los recursos energéticos disponibles
en la mayor parte del territorio nacional. Asimismo, las estrategias buscan que los proyectos
de energía FNCER se implementen en las zonas no interconectadas del país con desarrollos
de pequeña y mediana capacidad, y que también participen en las subastas de energía firme,
ingresando así al sistema interconectado nacional con proyectos de alta capacidad.
Finalmente, se plantea una estrategia de responsabilidad social que integre a las comunidades
donde se ejecuten estos proyectos con capacitación, empleo, y beneficios económicos,
llevando prosperidad a estas zonas y evitando conflictos sociales que impidan la
implementación de la planeación estratégica del sector de las FNCER en Colombia
Throughout the years and worldwide, generation of electric energy through unconventional sources of energy such as sun, wind, biomass, and tidal energy has sold steadily increasing both in installed capacity (megawatt) and number of projects, much of this growth is due to continuous improvement in production technology used by solar panels, wind turbines or biomass boilers. These improvements have reduced investment costs and increased generation equipment making energy generation projects via Non-Conventional Renewable Energy Sources (NCRES) increasingly viable and profitable. But not only technology and finance have played in favor of clean or green energy, global trend to mitigate the effects of climate change by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases into atmosphere has led to a decrease in the use of fossil fuels to generate electrical energy, making way for massive use of NCRES. Throughout this document, the background, global situation, current situation, and the desired future of NCRES sector in Colombia can be observed. The strategic planning of this sector is based on six long-term objectives to be achieved in 2029 and to be implemented through 10 strategies that seek to increase the installed capacity of NCRES projects, thus diversifying the energy basket and taking advantage of energy resources available in much of national territory. The strategies also seek to have NCRES energy projects implemented both in non-interconnected areas of the country with small and medium capacity development, and also participate in auctions of firm energy entering the national interconnected system with large capacity projects. Finally, a social responsibility strategy is proposed that integrates the communities where these projects are carried out with training, employment, and economic benefits, bringing prosperity to these areas and avoiding social conflicts that impede the implementation of the strategic planning of NCRES sector in Colombia
Throughout the years and worldwide, generation of electric energy through unconventional sources of energy such as sun, wind, biomass, and tidal energy has sold steadily increasing both in installed capacity (megawatt) and number of projects, much of this growth is due to continuous improvement in production technology used by solar panels, wind turbines or biomass boilers. These improvements have reduced investment costs and increased generation equipment making energy generation projects via Non-Conventional Renewable Energy Sources (NCRES) increasingly viable and profitable. But not only technology and finance have played in favor of clean or green energy, global trend to mitigate the effects of climate change by reducing the emission of greenhouse gases into atmosphere has led to a decrease in the use of fossil fuels to generate electrical energy, making way for massive use of NCRES. Throughout this document, the background, global situation, current situation, and the desired future of NCRES sector in Colombia can be observed. The strategic planning of this sector is based on six long-term objectives to be achieved in 2029 and to be implemented through 10 strategies that seek to increase the installed capacity of NCRES projects, thus diversifying the energy basket and taking advantage of energy resources available in much of national territory. The strategies also seek to have NCRES energy projects implemented both in non-interconnected areas of the country with small and medium capacity development, and also participate in auctions of firm energy entering the national interconnected system with large capacity projects. Finally, a social responsibility strategy is proposed that integrates the communities where these projects are carried out with training, employment, and economic benefits, bringing prosperity to these areas and avoiding social conflicts that impede the implementation of the strategic planning of NCRES sector in Colombia
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Planificación estratégica
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