Ajuste mental y apoyo social percibido en pacientes con cáncer de tiroides.
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2015-09-21
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue conocer la relación entre el ajuste mental al cáncer y el apoyo social percibido, en una muestra de 80 pacientes con cáncer de tiroides, con edades entre 25 y 65 años (M= 45.88; DE=11.04), y que recibían atención ambulatoria en una institución especializada en oncología de Lima-Metropolitana. Para ello, se empleó la escala de ajuste mental al cáncer MAC (Trigoso, 2009) y el cuestionario de estudio de desenlaces médicos de apoyo social MOS (Costa, Salamero & Gil, 2007). Entre los resultados más importantes se hallan relaciones significativas y directas entre el estilo espíritu de lucha y los tres tipos de apoyo social percibido: emocional/ informacional (rs=.22; p=.04), afectivo (rs=.29; p=.01) e instrumental (rs=.29; p=.01), así como inversas entre el estilo desamparo/ desesperanza y también los tres tipos de apoyo mencionados: emocional/ instrumental (rs=-.29; p=.01), afectivo (rs=-.31; p=.00) e instrumental (rs=-.32; p=.00). Asimismo, se encontró una relación significativa y directa entre el estilo desamparo/ desesperanza y la edad de los pacientes, así como también una diferenciación en el uso de los estilos de ajuste de acuerdo al nivel de instrucción. Los resultados del estudio dan cuenta de una relación existente entre los constructos, en donde a mayor apoyo, mayor adaptación a la enfermedad y viceversa, por lo que esta investigación podría favorecer a que se desarrollen posibles estrategias de intervención con el fin de lograr un mejor ajuste al cáncer.
The main objective of this research was to know the relationship between the mental adjustment and the perceived social support in a sample of 85 patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer, who were between 25 and 65 years old (M= 45.88; DE=11.04), and that received ambulatory attention in an oncology specialized institution of Lima-Metropolitana. To achieve this, the mental adjustment to cancer scale MAC (Trigoso, 2009) and the medical outcomes study social support MOS (Costa, Salamero & Gil, 2007) were used. Among the most important results, significant and direct relationships between the fighting spirit style and the three types of perceived social support: emotional/informational (rs=.22; p=.04), affective (rs=.29; p=.01) and instrumental (rs=.29; p=.01) were found, as well as inverse between hopelessness style and the same three types of social support previously mention: emotional/informational (rs=-.29; p=.01), affective (rs=-.31; p=.00) and instrumental (rs=-.32; p=.00). Furthermore, a significant and direct relationship were found between the hopelessness style and the patients age, as well as a differentiation in the use of the adjustment styles according to the education level. The study results account for an existing relationship between the constructs, in where a more perveived social support, more adaptation to the illness and the same in reverse. That’s why this investigation could contribute to develop posible intervention strategies with the purpose of achieving a better adjustment to cancer.
The main objective of this research was to know the relationship between the mental adjustment and the perceived social support in a sample of 85 patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer, who were between 25 and 65 years old (M= 45.88; DE=11.04), and that received ambulatory attention in an oncology specialized institution of Lima-Metropolitana. To achieve this, the mental adjustment to cancer scale MAC (Trigoso, 2009) and the medical outcomes study social support MOS (Costa, Salamero & Gil, 2007) were used. Among the most important results, significant and direct relationships between the fighting spirit style and the three types of perceived social support: emotional/informational (rs=.22; p=.04), affective (rs=.29; p=.01) and instrumental (rs=.29; p=.01) were found, as well as inverse between hopelessness style and the same three types of social support previously mention: emotional/informational (rs=-.29; p=.01), affective (rs=-.31; p=.00) and instrumental (rs=-.32; p=.00). Furthermore, a significant and direct relationship were found between the hopelessness style and the patients age, as well as a differentiation in the use of the adjustment styles according to the education level. The study results account for an existing relationship between the constructs, in where a more perveived social support, more adaptation to the illness and the same in reverse. That’s why this investigation could contribute to develop posible intervention strategies with the purpose of achieving a better adjustment to cancer.
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Adaptación (Psicología), Soporte social, Cáncer--Pacientes
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