Riesgos psicosociales y estrés laboral en conductores de buses de transporte público de Lima Metropolitana, 2020.
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Date
2021-10-27
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente tesis tuvo como objetivo principal determinar la relación entre los riesgos
psicosociales y el estrés laboral en conductores de buses de transporte público de Lima
Metropolitana. Para tal fin se evaluó intencionalmente a 436 conductores con los
cuestionarios para la evaluación de riesgos psicosociales y estrés laboral de la Universidad
Javeriana y el Ministerio de la Protección Social de Colombia, adicionalmente, con fines de
ahondar en el conocimiento del fenómeno de estudio, se incorporaron las variables edad,
estado civil y tipo de empresa a fin de caracterizar a los conductores de buses de transporte
público expuestos a los riesgos psicosociales y al estrés laboral.
La investigación se encuadró en una filosofía de investigación positivista, con enfoque
deductivo, diseño cuantitativo de tipo correlacional y se adoptó la estrategia de investigación
que considera el uso de encuestas, todo ello en un horizonte de tiempo cross-sectional.
Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron que existe una relación estadísticamente significativa
baja entre los riesgos psicosociales y el estrés laboral (r=0.36, p<0.001), así mismo, se
encontró una baja asociación entre los riesgos psicosociales y el tipo de empresa (r=0.37,
p<0.001) y entre el estrés laboral y el tipo de empresa (r=0.38, p<0.001). En cuanto a los
niveles de las variables de estudio, se evidenció que más de la mitad (55.7%) de conductores
de buses de transporte público se encuentran afectados por los riesgos psicosociales derivados
de su labor, y cerca del 53.9% de ellos trabajan de manera informal, lo cual indica que no
cuentan con seguridad social para atender oportuna y profesionalmente este fenómeno; por
otro lado, se encontraron niveles bajos de estrés laboral, en contraposición de investigaciones
previas, lo que demuestra que la discusión sigue abierta y se deben realizar más estudios al
respecto incorporando otras variables que permitan detectar otros factores generadores de
estrés laboral en este tipo de población. Los hallazgos de la investigación se constituyen como un punto de partida interesante para investigaciones futuras para analizar los
fenómenos de estudio de manera más exhaustiva, con una muestra más amplia y diversa.
Main objective of this thesis consists of determine the relationship between psychosocial risks and work stress in public bus drivers at Lima city. In this sense, our unit of analysis were these drivers, and we surveyed 436 individuals with a battery of questions developed by two Colombian institutions: Pontifical Javeriana University and Social Protection Ministry. Research design has a quantitative approach, framed in the positivist philosophy. Additionally, to deepen the knowledge of the study phenomenon, they were incorporated the variables age, marital status, and type of company to characterize public transport bus drivers exposed to psychosocial risks and work stress. Research design has a quantitative approach, framed in the positivist philosophy. In addition, to being explanatory, uses the survey as a research strategy and a transversal time horizon. The results obtained showed that there is a low statistically significant relationship between psychosocial risks and work stress (r = 0.36, p <0.001), likewise, a low association was found between psychosocial risks and the type of company (r = 0.37, p <0.001) and between work stress and the type of company (r = 0.38, p <0.001). Regarding the levels of the study variables, it was evidenced that more than half (55.7%) of public transport bus drivers are affected by the psychosocial risks derived from their work, and about 53.9% of them work as Informally, which indicates that they do not have social security to deal with this phenomenon in a timely and professional manner; On the other hand, low levels of work stress were found, in contrast to previous research, which shows that the discussion is still open and more studies should be carried out in this regard, incorporating other variables that allow the detection of other factors that generate work stress in this type of work. population. The research findings constitute an interesting starting point for future research to analyze the study phenomena in a more exhaustive way, with a larger and more diverse sample.
Main objective of this thesis consists of determine the relationship between psychosocial risks and work stress in public bus drivers at Lima city. In this sense, our unit of analysis were these drivers, and we surveyed 436 individuals with a battery of questions developed by two Colombian institutions: Pontifical Javeriana University and Social Protection Ministry. Research design has a quantitative approach, framed in the positivist philosophy. Additionally, to deepen the knowledge of the study phenomenon, they were incorporated the variables age, marital status, and type of company to characterize public transport bus drivers exposed to psychosocial risks and work stress. Research design has a quantitative approach, framed in the positivist philosophy. In addition, to being explanatory, uses the survey as a research strategy and a transversal time horizon. The results obtained showed that there is a low statistically significant relationship between psychosocial risks and work stress (r = 0.36, p <0.001), likewise, a low association was found between psychosocial risks and the type of company (r = 0.37, p <0.001) and between work stress and the type of company (r = 0.38, p <0.001). Regarding the levels of the study variables, it was evidenced that more than half (55.7%) of public transport bus drivers are affected by the psychosocial risks derived from their work, and about 53.9% of them work as Informally, which indicates that they do not have social security to deal with this phenomenon in a timely and professional manner; On the other hand, low levels of work stress were found, in contrast to previous research, which shows that the discussion is still open and more studies should be carried out in this regard, incorporating other variables that allow the detection of other factors that generate work stress in this type of work. population. The research findings constitute an interesting starting point for future research to analyze the study phenomena in a more exhaustive way, with a larger and more diverse sample.
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Stress en el trabajo, Trabajadores--Perú, Transporte público--Perú--Lima Metropolitana
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