El papel de los parlamentos en los asuntos climáticos : la actitud legislativa del Congreso de la República del Perú frente a la ley marco sobre cambio climático
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2019-07-23
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Este trabajo aborda el proceso de toma de decisiones políticas emprendido
por el parlamento peruano respecto de la ley de cambio climático. En otras
palabras, examina el proceso político que atravesaron las iniciativas
legislativas climáticas desde que se presentaron y discutieron en las
comisiones parlamentarias hasta su aprobación y promulgación, con el
propósito de demostrar que el Congreso de la República ha adoptado una
conducta proactiva y propositiva en materia de la legislación del cambio
climático, pese a algunas visiones que postulan la preeminencia de los
poderes ejecutivos. Para lograrlo, se plantea dos objetivos: a) describir el
proceso político y legislativo atravesado por la Ley marco de Cambio
Climático en el Congreso de la República; b) Identificar los factores
impulsores e inhibidores que interactuaron en la trayectoria de las iniciativas
climáticas en el Congreso de la República, entre los años 2011-2018.
Para ello, se interesa en los cursos de acción (proyectos de ley, dictámenes,
grupos de trabajo, audiencias, convocatoria a autoridades ambientales,
participación en eventos internacionales, publicaciones, etc.) que el poder
legislativo despliega respecto del cambio climático, en su calidad de
problema público de naturaleza transversal que concita el creciente interés
de diversos actores: poder Ejecutivo, ONG, académicos, opinión pública,
organismos supranacionales.
Una de las conclusiones del trabajo indica que, si bien los asuntos climáticos
puedan ser percibidos como altamente consensuales y fácilmente asimilados
por las agendas partidarias, la experiencia del Congreso peruano revela la
necesidad de ciertas coyunturas extraordinarias (COP-20, COP-23, visitas de
dignatarios) y situaciones imprevistas (Niño Costero, precoz renuncia del
presidente Kuczynski, inicio de una nueva gestión gubernamental con Martín
Vizcarra) que impulsen el interés legislativo en las iniciativas climáticas.
This paper deals with the process of political decision making undertaken by the Peruvian parliament regarding the climate change law. In other words, it examines the political process that climatic legislative initiatives have gone through since they were presented and discussed in the parliamentary committees until their approval and promulgation, with the purpose of demonstrating that the Congress of the Republic has adopted proactive and proactive behavior in matters of climate change legislation, despite some views that postulate the pre-eminence of executive powers. To achieve this, two objectives are proposed: a) describe the political and legislative process under the framework of the Climate Change Framework Law in the Congress of the Republic; b) Identify the drivers and inhibitors that interacted in the trajectory of climate initiatives in the Congress of the Republic, between the years 2011-2018. For this, it is interested in the courses of action (bills, opinions, working groups, hearings, call to environmental authorities, participation in international events, publications, etc.) that the legislative branch deploys regarding climate change, in its quality of a public problem of a transversal nature that attracts the growing interest of various actors: Executive power, NGOs, academics, public opinion, supranational organizations. One of the conclusions of the work indicates that, although climate issues can be perceived as highly consensual and easily assimilated by party agendas, the experience of the Peruvian Congress reveals the need for certain extraordinary conjunctures (COP-20, COP-23, visits of dignitaries) and unforeseen situations (Niño Costero, precocious resignation of President Kuczynski, start of a new government administration with Martín Vizcarra) that boost the legislative interest in climate initiatives.
This paper deals with the process of political decision making undertaken by the Peruvian parliament regarding the climate change law. In other words, it examines the political process that climatic legislative initiatives have gone through since they were presented and discussed in the parliamentary committees until their approval and promulgation, with the purpose of demonstrating that the Congress of the Republic has adopted proactive and proactive behavior in matters of climate change legislation, despite some views that postulate the pre-eminence of executive powers. To achieve this, two objectives are proposed: a) describe the political and legislative process under the framework of the Climate Change Framework Law in the Congress of the Republic; b) Identify the drivers and inhibitors that interacted in the trajectory of climate initiatives in the Congress of the Republic, between the years 2011-2018. For this, it is interested in the courses of action (bills, opinions, working groups, hearings, call to environmental authorities, participation in international events, publications, etc.) that the legislative branch deploys regarding climate change, in its quality of a public problem of a transversal nature that attracts the growing interest of various actors: Executive power, NGOs, academics, public opinion, supranational organizations. One of the conclusions of the work indicates that, although climate issues can be perceived as highly consensual and easily assimilated by party agendas, the experience of the Peruvian Congress reveals the need for certain extraordinary conjunctures (COP-20, COP-23, visits of dignitaries) and unforeseen situations (Niño Costero, precocious resignation of President Kuczynski, start of a new government administration with Martín Vizcarra) that boost the legislative interest in climate initiatives.
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Perú. Congreso, Cambios climáticos--Política gubernamental--Perú, Práctica parlamentaria--Perú
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