La persistencia de la incriminación como criterio de valoración del testimonio de la víctima en delitos de violación sexual a la luz del Acuerdo Plenario 2-2005/CJ-116
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
En los delitos sexuales, el criterio de persistencia en la incriminación debe
aplicarse equilibrando el derecho de defensa del imputado y la tutela
jurisdiccional efectiva de la víctima, evitando prácticas que generen
revictimización. La doctrina sostiene que la declaración debe valorarse con un
enfoque de derechos humanos, priorizando la protección emocional de la víctima sin
afectar la presunción de inocencia.
El entendimiento tradicional, centrado en exigir múltiples declaraciones idénticas,
resulta insuficiente. La persistencia debe reformularse como una continuidad
coherente del relato, donde importan la consistencia sustancial y la estabilidad
narrativa, no la repetición literal. Así, la repetición del testimonio debería
limitarse, como máximo, a dos declaraciones, solo cuando sea estrictamente
necesario para aclarar aspectos adicionales. Incluso una única declaración
puede ser suficiente si es coherente y creíble, como reconoce la jurisprudencia.
Esta visión se sustenta en el principio de progresividad de las declaraciones, que
reconoce que los recuerdos pueden aflorar o reorganizarse emocionalmente. La
segunda declaración, prevista en la ley, opera solo para complementar o precisar lo
dicho en la primera.
In sexual offenses, the criterion of consistency in the accusation must be applied by balancing the defendant's right to a defense with the victim's right to effective judicial protection, avoiding practices that generate revictimization. Legal doctrine maintains that the statement should be assessed from a human rights perspective, prioritizing the victim's emotional well-being without affecting the presumption of innocence. The traditional understanding, focused on requiring multiple identical statements, is insufficient. Consistency should be reformulated as a coherent continuity of the account, where substantial consistency and narrative stability matter, not literal repetition. Thus, the repetition of testimony should be limited, at most, to two statements, only when strictly necessary to clarify additional aspects. Even a single statement may be sufficient if it is coherent and credible, as recognized by jurisprudence. This view is based on the principle of the progressive nature of statements, which recognizes that memories can surface or be emotionally reorganized. The second statement, provided for by law, serves only to complement or clarify what was said in the first.
In sexual offenses, the criterion of consistency in the accusation must be applied by balancing the defendant's right to a defense with the victim's right to effective judicial protection, avoiding practices that generate revictimization. Legal doctrine maintains that the statement should be assessed from a human rights perspective, prioritizing the victim's emotional well-being without affecting the presumption of innocence. The traditional understanding, focused on requiring multiple identical statements, is insufficient. Consistency should be reformulated as a coherent continuity of the account, where substantial consistency and narrative stability matter, not literal repetition. Thus, the repetition of testimony should be limited, at most, to two statements, only when strictly necessary to clarify additional aspects. Even a single statement may be sufficient if it is coherent and credible, as recognized by jurisprudence. This view is based on the principle of the progressive nature of statements, which recognizes that memories can surface or be emotionally reorganized. The second statement, provided for by law, serves only to complement or clarify what was said in the first.
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Víctimas de abusos sexuales--Perú, Debido proceso--Perú, Declaración (Derecho)--Perú
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