Alimentación emocional y mensajes parentales sobre la alimentación en universitarias de Lima
Date
2023-08-25
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La alimentación emocional implica comer para contrarrestar estados emocionales
displacenteros y mantener las emociones placenteras. Durante la crianza, el rol de los
padres y las madres y de los mensajes que transmiten es fundamental para que sus hijos/as
tengan una adecuada alimentación y un crecimiento y desarrollo saludable. Sin embargo,
estos mensajes pueden constituirse en un factor de riesgo al influir en el desarrollo de
conductas desadaptativas en torno a la alimentación al obligar y/o restringir ciertos tipos
de alimentos. El presente estudio, de corte cualitativo y fenomenológico, buscó explorar
la alimentación emocional y los mensajes parentales sobre la alimentación en jóvenes
universitarias entre 19 y 25 años. Para ello, se contó con la participación de 8 estudiantes
universitarias de las cuales 7 pertenecen a la facultad de Psicología y 1 a Economía. Los
resultados demostraron la importancia del contexto familiar, principalmente la figura
materna, durante la infancia y adolescencia para la adquisición de prácticas alimentarias.
Ante los mensajes de restricción y obligatoriedad centrados en el aspecto físico y en la
delgadez, las participantes desarrollaron conductas alimenticias desfavorables. Aunque
actualmente hay una disminución de los mensajes parentales, estos han sido interiorizados
repercutiendo en su toma de decisiones y en su experiencia con la alimentación. Al no
poder regular correctamente su preocupación y malestar durante la pandemia de la
COVID-19, presentaron una mayor sensación de hambre y comieron para sentirse mejor
Emotional eating involves eating to counteract unpleasant emotional states and to maintain pleasant emotions. When parenting, the role of fathers and mothers and the messages they transmit are fundamental for their children to have an adequate nutrition and healthy growth and development. However, these messages can become risk factors by influencing the development of maladaptive feeding behaviors when forcing and/or restricting certain types of food. The present study, of a qualitative and phenomenological nature, sought to explore emotional eating and parental messages concerning eating in a group of young university women between 19 and 25 years of age. For this purpose, 8 female university students participated, 7 of whom belonged to the Faculty of Psychology and 1 to the Faculty of Economics. The results demonstrated the importance of the family context, mainly the maternal figure, during childhood and adolescence for the acquisition of eating practices. Faced with messages of restriction and obligation focused on physical appearance and thinness, the participants developed unfavorable eating behaviors. Although a decrease in parental messages is seen with age, these have been internalized, affecting their decision making and their experience with food. As participants were unable to properly regulate their worry and discomfort during the COVID-19 pandemic, they experienced increased feelings of hunger, and ate to make themselves feel better
Emotional eating involves eating to counteract unpleasant emotional states and to maintain pleasant emotions. When parenting, the role of fathers and mothers and the messages they transmit are fundamental for their children to have an adequate nutrition and healthy growth and development. However, these messages can become risk factors by influencing the development of maladaptive feeding behaviors when forcing and/or restricting certain types of food. The present study, of a qualitative and phenomenological nature, sought to explore emotional eating and parental messages concerning eating in a group of young university women between 19 and 25 years of age. For this purpose, 8 female university students participated, 7 of whom belonged to the Faculty of Psychology and 1 to the Faculty of Economics. The results demonstrated the importance of the family context, mainly the maternal figure, during childhood and adolescence for the acquisition of eating practices. Faced with messages of restriction and obligation focused on physical appearance and thinness, the participants developed unfavorable eating behaviors. Although a decrease in parental messages is seen with age, these have been internalized, affecting their decision making and their experience with food. As participants were unable to properly regulate their worry and discomfort during the COVID-19 pandemic, they experienced increased feelings of hunger, and ate to make themselves feel better
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Keywords
Trastornos alimentarios, Estudiantes universitarios--Perú, Adaptabilidad (Psicología)
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