Influencia de la modificación de estatus en la orientación hacia la dominancia social
Date
2022-09-25
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar si la modificación del estatus
socioeconómico relativo, al percibirse como una situación de amenaza o recompensa,
podía modificar los niveles de Orientación hacia la dominancia Social (SDO) en
estudiantes universitarios de Lima. Con este fin se evaluó a 91 estudiantes, 61 mujeres
(67.1%) y 30 hombres (32.9%), entre los 16 y 25 años (M= 18.25, DE= 1.48). Asimismo,
el estatus relativo (ESE) con el que se identificaban los participantes se distribuyó de la
siguiente forma: 2.2% reporta ESE muy alto, 13.19% ESE alto, 80.22% de ESE medio y
4.40% de ESE bajo. El estudio tuvo un diseño pre-test – post-test, con aplicaciones
distanciadas por dos semanas, donde los participantes fueron asignados aleatoriamente a
alguna de las condiciones experimentales. La manipulación ficticia del nivel
socioeconómico consistió en colocar a los participantes en una situación imaginaria
donde su estatus disminuía como resultado de una situación amenazante o aumentaba
producto de una de recompensa. Los resultados del ANOVA no mostraron diferencias
significativas en los niveles de SDO en los grupos experimentales, pero sí en el grupo
control. Estos resultados se discuten a partir de la coyuntura política en el momento de la
aplicación, la cual pudo haber hecho salientes formas de dominación grupal distintas a
las relacionadas con el estatus socioeconómico, promoviendo que la escala de SDO sea
interpretada como una medición de superioridad moral, en lugar que de superioridad
social.
The aim of the present research was to analyze whether the modification of the relative socioeconomic status, when perceived as a threat or reward situation, could modify the levels of Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) in university students from Lima. For this purpose, 91 students were evaluated, 61 women (67.1%) and 30 men (32.9%), among the ages of 16 and 25 (M = 18.25, SD = 1.48). Likewise, the relative status (SES) with which the participants identified themselves was distributed as follows: 2.2% report very high SES, 13.19% high SES, 80.22% medium SES and 4.40% low SES. The study had a pretest - post-test design, with applications separated by two weeks, where the participants were randomly assigned to any of the experimental conditions. The fictitious manipulation of the socioeconomic level consisted of placing the participants in an imaginary context where their status decreased as a result of a threatening situation or increased as a result of a reward situation. The results of the ANOVA did not show significant differences in the levels of SDO in the experimental groups, but they did in the control group. These results are discussed based on the political situation at the time of application, which may have highlighted forms of group domination other than those related to socioeconomic status, promoting the interpretation of SDO scale as a measure of moral superiority rather than social superiority.
The aim of the present research was to analyze whether the modification of the relative socioeconomic status, when perceived as a threat or reward situation, could modify the levels of Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) in university students from Lima. For this purpose, 91 students were evaluated, 61 women (67.1%) and 30 men (32.9%), among the ages of 16 and 25 (M = 18.25, SD = 1.48). Likewise, the relative status (SES) with which the participants identified themselves was distributed as follows: 2.2% report very high SES, 13.19% high SES, 80.22% medium SES and 4.40% low SES. The study had a pretest - post-test design, with applications separated by two weeks, where the participants were randomly assigned to any of the experimental conditions. The fictitious manipulation of the socioeconomic level consisted of placing the participants in an imaginary context where their status decreased as a result of a threatening situation or increased as a result of a reward situation. The results of the ANOVA did not show significant differences in the levels of SDO in the experimental groups, but they did in the control group. These results are discussed based on the political situation at the time of application, which may have highlighted forms of group domination other than those related to socioeconomic status, promoting the interpretation of SDO scale as a measure of moral superiority rather than social superiority.
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Keywords
Estudiantes universitarios--Nivel socioeconómico--Investigaciones, Poder (Ciencias sociales), Prestigio
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