Estudio geomecánico para la estabilidad de un tajeo sobredimensionado como estrategia de recuperación de tonelaje en una mina subterránea
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad realizar el estudio geomecánico para la
estabilidad de un tajeo sobredimensionado, con altura extendida, en una operación subterránea
que utiliza el método de explotación Sub Level Stoping transversal.
Para evaluar la estabilidad del diseño propuesto, se aplicaron dos herramientas
geomecánicas: método empírico y modelamiento numérico. Con relación al enfoque empírico,
el método gráfico de estabilidad es comúnmente utilizado para el análisis preliminar de
dimensionamiento de tajeos mediante una representación cualitativa del macizo rocoso y
riesgos asociados. Asimismo, diversas aplicaciones como el gráfico de dilución han sido
desarrollados en base al método gráfico de estabilidad logrando predecir y cuantificar la
sobrerrotura principalmente en las cajas piso y techo de los tajeos.
El modelamiento numérico consiste en la discretización del macizo rocoso para predecir
su comportamiento requiriendo una calibración inicial y propiedades. Para el método gráfico
de estabilidad, la estimación del factor A de esfuerzo inducido depende de la simulación
numérica.
Cada superficie del tajeo sobredimensionado fue evaluada utilizando los métodos
empíricos (método gráfico de estabilidad y gráfico de dilución) y modelos tridimensionales
avanzados. Finalmente, los resultados fueron comparados con las observaciones en campo y
levantamiento topográfico luego de la extracción de mineral.
The purpose of the present study is to conduct a geomechanics study to assess the stability of one over-dimensioning stope, with extended height, in an underground operation that applies transverse Sub Level Stoping mining method. To evaluate the stability of the proposed design, two geomechanics tools were applied: the empirical method and the numerical modeling. Regarding the empirical approach, the stability graph method is commonly utilized for preliminary stope sizing assessments through a qualitative representation of the rock mass and associated risks. Moreover, different applications such as the dilution graph have been developed based on the stability graph method predicting and quantifiying the overbreak level mainly for open stope footwalls and hanging walls. The numerical modeling is based on the rock mass discretization to predict its behavior with required initial calibration and properties. For the stability graph method, the estimation of the induced stress factor A depends on the numerical simulation. Each over-dimensioning stope surface was assessed based on empirical methods (stability graph method and dilution graph) and advanced 3D models. Finally, the results were compared with field observations and the cavity monitoring survey (CMS) scan after the ore extraction.
The purpose of the present study is to conduct a geomechanics study to assess the stability of one over-dimensioning stope, with extended height, in an underground operation that applies transverse Sub Level Stoping mining method. To evaluate the stability of the proposed design, two geomechanics tools were applied: the empirical method and the numerical modeling. Regarding the empirical approach, the stability graph method is commonly utilized for preliminary stope sizing assessments through a qualitative representation of the rock mass and associated risks. Moreover, different applications such as the dilution graph have been developed based on the stability graph method predicting and quantifiying the overbreak level mainly for open stope footwalls and hanging walls. The numerical modeling is based on the rock mass discretization to predict its behavior with required initial calibration and properties. For the stability graph method, the estimation of the induced stress factor A depends on the numerical simulation. Each over-dimensioning stope surface was assessed based on empirical methods (stability graph method and dilution graph) and advanced 3D models. Finally, the results were compared with field observations and the cavity monitoring survey (CMS) scan after the ore extraction.
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Ingeniería de minas, Mecánica de rocas, Minería subterránea--Perforación, Minas--Explotación--Planificación