El interés superior de niños y niñas que acompañan a sus madres privadas de la libertad en establecimientos penitenciarios peruanos
Date
2025-03-17
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Abstract
Actualmente y según el INPE, 136 menores de edad se encuentran en un
establecimiento penitenciario acompañando a sus madres recluidas. La razón es
la aplicación del artículo 113 del Código de Ejecución Penal Peruano que señala
que un niño o niña solo hasta los tres años de edad podrá permanecer junto a
su madre recluida en un centro penal penitenciario. A partir de este escenario
normativo, se identifica que tal separación menoscaba el interés superior del
niño, principio rector de la Convención sobre los Derechos de Niño, en tanto que
se lesiona su derecho a la vida familiar, derecho a dar su opinión en relación a
su edad y madurez, y su derecho a su crianza. La situación se agrava cuando
se identifica que un niño que acompaña a su madre en un establecimiento
penitenciario disminuye sus indicadores de pobreza en contraste con la realidad
sin el cuidado parental. Por ello se propone que el acto jurídico de la separación
debe ser mediante una resolución judicial en la que el juez/a motive debidamente
que a partir de los 3 años de edad se otorgue un plazo razonable de separación
entre el menor y su madre, de acuerdo a circunstancias específicas, desde una
perspectiva de derechos humanos, de cada niño o niña.
Currently, according to the National Penitentiary Institute (INPE), 136 minors are residing within penitentiary establishments alongside their incarcerated mothers. This circumstance derives from the application of Article 113 of the Peruvian Criminal Execution Code, which stipulates that a child may only remain with their incarcerated mother in a penal center until three years of age. From this normative scenario, it is identified that such mandatory separation fundamentally undermines the "best interests of the child" principle in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Specifically, this separation infringes upon: a) The child's right to family life; b)The child's right to express their perspective commensurate with their age and maturity y c)The child's right to parental nurturing. The situation is particularly exacerbated by empirical evidence demonstrating that a child accompanying their mother in a penitentiary environment shows marked improvements in poverty indicators compared to scenarios lacking parental care. Consequently, a legal recommendation is proposed: the juridical act of separation should occur through a judicial resolution wherein the presiding judge must comprehensively motivate and substantiate a reasonable separation timeline between the minor and their mother, commencing after three years of age. This determination must be conducted through a human rights perspective, meticulously considering the specific circumstances of each individual child.
Currently, according to the National Penitentiary Institute (INPE), 136 minors are residing within penitentiary establishments alongside their incarcerated mothers. This circumstance derives from the application of Article 113 of the Peruvian Criminal Execution Code, which stipulates that a child may only remain with their incarcerated mother in a penal center until three years of age. From this normative scenario, it is identified that such mandatory separation fundamentally undermines the "best interests of the child" principle in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Specifically, this separation infringes upon: a) The child's right to family life; b)The child's right to express their perspective commensurate with their age and maturity y c)The child's right to parental nurturing. The situation is particularly exacerbated by empirical evidence demonstrating that a child accompanying their mother in a penitentiary environment shows marked improvements in poverty indicators compared to scenarios lacking parental care. Consequently, a legal recommendation is proposed: the juridical act of separation should occur through a judicial resolution wherein the presiding judge must comprehensively motivate and substantiate a reasonable separation timeline between the minor and their mother, commencing after three years of age. This determination must be conducted through a human rights perspective, meticulously considering the specific circumstances of each individual child.
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Keywords
Patria potestad--Legislación--Perú, Niños--Derechos--Perú, Prisiones--Mujeres--Perú, Derecho de menores--Perú