Análisis de la inserción de programas de eficiencia energética para mejorar la competitividad y sostenibilidad del sector minero cuprífero en el Perú
Date
2024-10-09
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Esta investigación tiene como objetivo determinar la importancia de los Programas de
Eficiencia Energética (EE) que se han implementado y se encuentran en plena ejecución para
el período 2021-2049, con el propósito de medir su impacto en el consumo energético de
electricidad en el sector minero del cobre. El estudio implicó recopilar datos históricos de las
empresas mineras sobre la producción de cobre y el consumo de electricidad de 2011 a 2020.
También se consideraron proyecciones de futuras inversiones en nuevos proyectos mineros,
específicamente de producción de cobre, a partir de 2021, con base en información
confirmada por el Ministerio de Energía y Minas (Minem).
Se recopiló información relevante sobre la normativa que regula la producción de
minerales y el consumo de energía, así como los resultados de los programas de eficiencia
energética y su avance en América Latina y Perú hasta la fecha. La investigación examinó la
situación del sector minero local y sus implicancias en el mercado internacional, considerando
factores como la inversión del sector, la producción de cobre, la demanda de energía en la
minería metálica, la cartera de proyectos de mediano y largo plazo, la matriz energética, la
integración de industrias no convencionales. las energías renovables y la implementación de
tecnologías de eficiencia energética en la minería peruana. Además, el estudio tuvo en cuenta
el impulso de la demanda de minerales críticos en el mercado global para la transición
energética y fuentes de energía respetuosas con el medio ambiente.
Se realizó un análisis cuantitativo de la proyección en la producción de cobre para el
período 2021-2049 y en este se incorporó una variable exógena, como lo son las inversiones
futuras en cobre. Se calculó el índice de crecimiento de la producción de cobre, lo que dio
como resultado una proyección anual. A partir de esos resultados, se determinó el consumo
de energía, el cual está vinculado al factor de emisión de las fuentes primarias de producción
eléctrica que está relacionado con la energía consumida por unidad de peso. En cuanto a la
intensidad energética, la investigación reporta una ecuación de curva potencial (Y = 17,39 * X0,366 GJ/TM) que representa la intensidad energética del proceso (beneficio) en relación con
la ley del mineral. Se espera que la implementación de programas de eficiencia energética
altere el comportamiento de la curva potencial hacia cambios de menor intensidad, lo que
conducirá a un ahorro de energía.
El estudio concluye con gráficos de líneas que ilustran los cambios en los indicadores
de intensidad energética y en las emisiones de dióxido de carbono (CO2) para diferentes
escenarios, con lo que refleja las variaciones causadas por la implementación de Programas
de Eficiencia Energética. La investigación también incluye un capítulo sobre «Alcances y
análisis en la producción y consumo de energía para concentrado de cobre», en el que se
presentan dos escenarios: uno con un Sistema de Gestión de Eficiencia Energética (EEMS)
integral y el otro con la implementación de mejoras tecnológicas por etapas. Los escenarios
proponen dos tipos de gestión con resultados distintos, lo que ayuda a comparar los objetivos
finales marcados por cada contexto.
This research aims to determine the importance of Energy Efficiency (EE) Programs that have been implemented and are in full execution for the period 2021-2049, with the goal of measuring their impact on the energy consumption of electricity in the copper mining sector. The study involved collecting historical data from mining companies on copper production and electricity consumption from 2011 to 2020. Projections for future investments in new mining projects, specifically copper production, from 2021 onwards were also considered based on information confirmed by the Ministry of Energy and Mines (Minem). Relevant information regarding regulations on mineral production and energy consumption was gathered, along with the results of Energy Efficiency Programs and their progress in Latin America and Peru up to the present date. The research examined the local mining sector's situation and its implications in the international market, considering factors such as sector investment, copper production, energy demand in metallic mining, the portfolio of medium and long-term projects, the energy matrix, the integration of unconventional renewable energies, and the implementation of energy efficiency technologies in Peruvian mining. Additionally, the study took into account the push for demand in critical minerals in the global market for energy transition and environmentally friendly energy sources. A quantitative analysis of the copper production projection for the period 2021-2049 was conducted, incorporating an exogenous variable, namely future copper investments. The growth index of copper production was calculated, resulting in an annual projection. From the copper production results, energy consumption was determined, linked to the emission factor of primary sources of electricity production related to energy consumed per unit weight. Regarding energy intensity, the research reports a potential curve equation (Y = 17.39 * X0,366 GJ/TM) representing the energy intensity of the process (beneficiation) relative to the ore grade. The implementation of Energy Efficiency Programs is expected to alter the potential curve behavior with less intensity changes, leading to energy savings. The study concludes with line graphs illustrating the shifts in energy intensity and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions indicators for different scenarios, reflecting variations due to the implementation of Energy Efficiency Programs. The research also includes a chapter on "Scope and Analysis in the Production and Consumption of Energy for Copper Concentrate”, presenting two scenarios: one with a comprehensive Energy Efficiency Management System (EEMS) and the other with the implementation of technological improvements in stages. These scenarios propose two types of management with distinct results, aiding in the comparison of final objectives set by each context.
This research aims to determine the importance of Energy Efficiency (EE) Programs that have been implemented and are in full execution for the period 2021-2049, with the goal of measuring their impact on the energy consumption of electricity in the copper mining sector. The study involved collecting historical data from mining companies on copper production and electricity consumption from 2011 to 2020. Projections for future investments in new mining projects, specifically copper production, from 2021 onwards were also considered based on information confirmed by the Ministry of Energy and Mines (Minem). Relevant information regarding regulations on mineral production and energy consumption was gathered, along with the results of Energy Efficiency Programs and their progress in Latin America and Peru up to the present date. The research examined the local mining sector's situation and its implications in the international market, considering factors such as sector investment, copper production, energy demand in metallic mining, the portfolio of medium and long-term projects, the energy matrix, the integration of unconventional renewable energies, and the implementation of energy efficiency technologies in Peruvian mining. Additionally, the study took into account the push for demand in critical minerals in the global market for energy transition and environmentally friendly energy sources. A quantitative analysis of the copper production projection for the period 2021-2049 was conducted, incorporating an exogenous variable, namely future copper investments. The growth index of copper production was calculated, resulting in an annual projection. From the copper production results, energy consumption was determined, linked to the emission factor of primary sources of electricity production related to energy consumed per unit weight. Regarding energy intensity, the research reports a potential curve equation (Y = 17.39 * X0,366 GJ/TM) representing the energy intensity of the process (beneficiation) relative to the ore grade. The implementation of Energy Efficiency Programs is expected to alter the potential curve behavior with less intensity changes, leading to energy savings. The study concludes with line graphs illustrating the shifts in energy intensity and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions indicators for different scenarios, reflecting variations due to the implementation of Energy Efficiency Programs. The research also includes a chapter on "Scope and Analysis in the Production and Consumption of Energy for Copper Concentrate”, presenting two scenarios: one with a comprehensive Energy Efficiency Management System (EEMS) and the other with the implementation of technological improvements in stages. These scenarios propose two types of management with distinct results, aiding in the comparison of final objectives set by each context.
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Keywords
Política energética--Perú, Energía--Conservación--Perú, Energía eléctrica--Consumo--Perú
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