Entre el fujimorismo y el castillismo: Cómo El Comercio y La República influyeron en la polarización política del Perú en la segunda vuelta electoral del 2021
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Date
2025-02-11
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Las elecciones presidenciales acontecidas en el año 2021, el evento coyuntural más
polémico y mediatizado de las últimas décadas, fue un proceso electoral muy singular
no solo porque se dieron bajo un contexto pandémico nunca visto como el ocasionado
por el virus de la COVID-19, sino que en Perú destacó claramente por haber
enfrentado en la segunda y “tercera” vuelta electoral a dos candidatos con programas
y discursos ideológicos ampliamente antagónicos. Frente a un evento de tal
naturaleza los diarios del país no se quedaron inmutados y aprovecharon para
polemizar posturas económicas y sociales de ambos candidatos. De esa manera, en
el presente estudio salen a relucir dos de los diarios más protagónicos, y antagónicos,
de la historia política peruana: El Comercio y La República. La investigación hipotetiza
que ambos diarios posicionaron los temas electorales de forma parcializada, lo cual
terminó por influir en el ensanchamiento ideológico y afectivo entre las personas
usuarias de redes sociales. Para explicar dicha causalidad, el trabajo propone tres
momentos de la agenda setting a través de los cuales los diarios en sus plataformas
digitales sesgaron la información electoral. En un primer momento dichos diarios
posicionaron a Keiko Fujimori y Pedro Castillo en el primer lugar de temas de los
cuales era necesario hablar, luego pasaron a atribuirles ciertas características no
necesariamente fundamentadas en la realidad y al final terminaron por ligarlos con
historias o temáticas que no se conectaban directamente con el contexto peruano.
The presidential elections held in 2021, the most controversial and mediatized event of the last decades, was a very unique electoral process not only because it took place under a pandemic context never seen before, such as the one caused by the COVID- 19 virus, but also because in Peru it clearly stood out for having confronted in the second and "third" electoral round two candidates with widely antagonistic ideological programs and discourses. Faced with such an event, the country's newspapers did not remain unmoved and took the opportunity to polemicize the economic and social positions of both candidates. Thus, in this study, two of the most protagonist and antagonistic newspapers in Peruvian political history come to the fore: El Comercio and La República. The research hypothesizes that both newspapers positioned electoral issues in a biased way, which ended up influencing the ideological and affective widening among social network users. To explain this causality, the paper proposes three moments of the agenda setting through which newspapers in their digital platforms biased electoral information. At first, these newspapers placed Keiko Fujimori and Pedro Castillo at the top of the list of topics that needed to be talked about, then they attributed to them certain characteristics that were not necessarily based on reality, and finally they ended up linking them to stories or topics that were not directly connected to the Peruvian context.
The presidential elections held in 2021, the most controversial and mediatized event of the last decades, was a very unique electoral process not only because it took place under a pandemic context never seen before, such as the one caused by the COVID- 19 virus, but also because in Peru it clearly stood out for having confronted in the second and "third" electoral round two candidates with widely antagonistic ideological programs and discourses. Faced with such an event, the country's newspapers did not remain unmoved and took the opportunity to polemicize the economic and social positions of both candidates. Thus, in this study, two of the most protagonist and antagonistic newspapers in Peruvian political history come to the fore: El Comercio and La República. The research hypothesizes that both newspapers positioned electoral issues in a biased way, which ended up influencing the ideological and affective widening among social network users. To explain this causality, the paper proposes three moments of the agenda setting through which newspapers in their digital platforms biased electoral information. At first, these newspapers placed Keiko Fujimori and Pedro Castillo at the top of the list of topics that needed to be talked about, then they attributed to them certain characteristics that were not necessarily based on reality, and finally they ended up linking them to stories or topics that were not directly connected to the Peruvian context.
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Presidentes--Perú--Elección--Siglo XXI, Política y prensa--Perú, Redes sociales en línea--Perú
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