Territorio en disputa: Luminosa oscuridad en una comunidad asháninka del Ene en el contexto de incremento de presiones territoriales asociadas con el narcotráfico
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
Se analiza el caso de la comunidad nativa Yaviro, ubicada en la parte alta del río
Ene, en el ámbito del VRAEM, que es en donde se produce la mayor cantidad
de cultivos de uso ilícito de hoja de coca cuya expansión viene cercando a la
comunidad, y en donde además existen dichos internos sobre la presencia de
remanentes de los kityonkari (Sendero Luminoso) en los Centros Poblados
vecinos. Su complejidad se encuentra en que las referencias a los remanentes
quedan en el fuero interno de cada persona sobreviviente al periodo de violencia,
tratando de no involucrar a los más jóvenes, pese a que estos vienen
relacionándose como “recolectores”, y en menor medida como “cargachos” y
“pisadores” en los cocales colonos. De hecho, la misma comunidad cuenta con
cultivos de coca, aunque bajo un sistema de control interno mediante el cual no
pueden tener extensiones mayores a una hectárea.
La investigación destaca tres momentos clave en la relación de Yaviro con la
coca: las décadas de 1960-1970, 1980-1990 y 2000 en adelante. El conflicto
armado interno y la ocupación desordenada del territorio durante este período,
junto con la explotación forestal y la construcción de infraestructura, han alterado
profundamente la memoria y el territorio de la comunidad. Además, se ha
formado un imaginario local sobre la coca como una planta sagrada, aunque este
concepto oculta la presencia de otras fases del narcotráfico más allá del cultivo.
Por eso en la comunidad de Yaviro se vive una “luminosa oscuridad” porque,
aunque aparentemente se vive en tranquilidad, existen muchas amenazas
latentes que condicionan su propio futuro.
The case of the Yaviro indigenous community, located in the upper part of the Ene River in the VRAEM region, is analyzed. This area produces the highest amount of illicit coca leaf crops, whose expansion is encroaching upon the community. Additionally, there are internal reports about the presence of remnants of the Kityonkari (Shining Path) in nearby populated centers. The complexity lies in the fact that references to these remnants remain a private matter for each person who survived the period of violence, with a deliberate attempt not to involve younger generations. However, these younger individuals are increasingly becoming involved as “collectors”, and to a lesser extent as “carriers” and “stompers” in the colonist coca fields. In fact, the community itself has coca crops, but under an internal control system that limits their extension to no more than one hectare. The research highlights three key moments in Yaviro’s relationship with coca: the 1960s-1970s, 1980s-1990s, and from 2000 onwards. The internal armed conflict and the disorderly occupation of territory during this period, along with deforestation and infrastructure construction, have deeply altered the community’s memory and territory. Furthermore, a local imaginary has developed around coca as a sacred plant, though this concept obscures the presence of other stages of drug trafficking beyond cultivation. Therefore, in Yaviro, a “luminous darkness” exists because, although life appears peaceful, many latent threats shape the community’s future.
The case of the Yaviro indigenous community, located in the upper part of the Ene River in the VRAEM region, is analyzed. This area produces the highest amount of illicit coca leaf crops, whose expansion is encroaching upon the community. Additionally, there are internal reports about the presence of remnants of the Kityonkari (Shining Path) in nearby populated centers. The complexity lies in the fact that references to these remnants remain a private matter for each person who survived the period of violence, with a deliberate attempt not to involve younger generations. However, these younger individuals are increasingly becoming involved as “collectors”, and to a lesser extent as “carriers” and “stompers” in the colonist coca fields. In fact, the community itself has coca crops, but under an internal control system that limits their extension to no more than one hectare. The research highlights three key moments in Yaviro’s relationship with coca: the 1960s-1970s, 1980s-1990s, and from 2000 onwards. The internal armed conflict and the disorderly occupation of territory during this period, along with deforestation and infrastructure construction, have deeply altered the community’s memory and territory. Furthermore, a local imaginary has developed around coca as a sacred plant, though this concept obscures the presence of other stages of drug trafficking beyond cultivation. Therefore, in Yaviro, a “luminous darkness” exists because, although life appears peaceful, many latent threats shape the community’s future.
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Ashánincas, Coca--Cultivo--Perú--Satipo (Junín : Provincia), Narcotráfico--Perú--Satipo (Junín : Provincia), Memoria colectiva--Perú--Satipo (Junín : Provincia), Violencia polítca--Perú--Satipo (Junín : Provincia)
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