Maltrato infantil: Conceptualizaciones, procedimientos y protocolos, de maestras en una institución educativa inicial de Lima Metropolitana
Date
2023-10-16
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Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El maltrato infantil es una problemática mundial que aqueja a la población más
vulnerable; y que, a pesar de lo esfuerzos por erradicarla, las estadísticas en cuanto
a las víctimas van en aumento; situación que convoca a los estados y sociedad en
general a cambiar la perspectiva de su abordaje e incluir nuevas estrategias y actores
sociales en la lucha; como es el caso del profesorado, ya que son los maestros los
profesionales más próximos a la población afectada y con las herramientas
adecuadas, podrían ser considerados pieza clave en la prevención, detección y
abordaje del mismo.
Es ese sentido, el presente estudio describe y analiza las conceptualizaciones, los
procedimientos de detección y protocolos de atención de un grupo de maestras de
educación inicial sobre el maltrato infantil, en una institución educativa de Lima
Metropolitana. Es un estudio de enfoque cualitativo y de nivel descriptivo que utilizó a
la entrevista como técnica de investigación, por considerarla la más adecuada por su
flexibilidad. Se basó en una guía de preguntas semiestructuradas y permitió obtener
información contextual que evidencia fortalezas y carencias tanto del profesorado del
primer nivel, como de las estrategias planteadas por el estado y los organismos
competentes sobre el tema en mención. Información que puede ser de utilidad para
la toma de decisiones relacionadas a la formación y capacitación docente, así como,
para la mejora o implementación de intervenciones eficaces que contribuyan con la
salvaguarda de las niñas, niños y adolescentes.
Algunos de los resultados develan que el personal docente requiere mayor
capacitación sobre el tema, que los protocolos no son efectivos en todos los casos y
que el personal docente teme denunciar el maltrato infantil por temor a las represalias
y a la desprotección que perciben por parte de las IE y el estado.
Child abuse is a global problem that afflicts the most vulnerable population; whereas, despite efforts to eradicate it, statistics on victims are increasing. Situation that summonses states and society in general to change the perspective of their approach and include new strategies and social actors in the struggle, as is the case of teachers, since they are the professionals closest to the affected population and with the appropriate tools, they could be considered a key piece in the prevention, detection and approach of the same. In this sense, the study describes and analyzes the conceptualizations, detection procedures and care protocols of a group of preschool teachers on child abuse, in a kindergarten of the city, metropolitan of Lima. This is a qualitative and descriptive research, that used the interview as a research technique, considering it the most appropriate for its flexibility. It was based on a guide of semi-structured questions and allowed to obtain contextual information that evidences strengths and shortcomings of both, the first level teaching staff and the strategies proposed by the state. Information that can be useful for decision-making related to teacher education and training, as well as for the improvement or implementation of effective interventions that contribute to the safeguarding of children and adolescents. Some results reveal that teachers require more training, that protocols are not effective in all cases and that teachers are afraid to report child abuse for reprisals and lack of protection from school authorities and the state.
Child abuse is a global problem that afflicts the most vulnerable population; whereas, despite efforts to eradicate it, statistics on victims are increasing. Situation that summonses states and society in general to change the perspective of their approach and include new strategies and social actors in the struggle, as is the case of teachers, since they are the professionals closest to the affected population and with the appropriate tools, they could be considered a key piece in the prevention, detection and approach of the same. In this sense, the study describes and analyzes the conceptualizations, detection procedures and care protocols of a group of preschool teachers on child abuse, in a kindergarten of the city, metropolitan of Lima. This is a qualitative and descriptive research, that used the interview as a research technique, considering it the most appropriate for its flexibility. It was based on a guide of semi-structured questions and allowed to obtain contextual information that evidences strengths and shortcomings of both, the first level teaching staff and the strategies proposed by the state. Information that can be useful for decision-making related to teacher education and training, as well as for the improvement or implementation of effective interventions that contribute to the safeguarding of children and adolescents. Some results reveal that teachers require more training, that protocols are not effective in all cases and that teachers are afraid to report child abuse for reprisals and lack of protection from school authorities and the state.
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Keywords
Abuso de niños--Perú--Estudio de casos, Desarrollo infantil--Política gubernamental--Perú, Personal docente--Capacitación--Perú, Educación preescolar--Investigaciones
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