La Roma del Perú : resurgimiento católico, espacio público y política en Arequipa (1860-1925)
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2017-09-29
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La investigación estudia el proceso de resurgimiento católico en Arequipa en el
contexto de modernización del Perú entre 1886 y 1925. El resurgimiento en Arequipa,
protagonizado principalmente por el laicado de elite y clase media, formó parte de un
proceso de renovación del catolicismo global durante el siglo XIX, que permitió ubicar
a la Iglesia Católica en el proceso de modernización y secularización. El contexto de
resurgimiento católico, bajo el liderazgo del clero ultramontano, permitió la formación
de un laicado militante organizado en sociedades católicas de piedad, apologéticas y de
carácter social. Estas sociedades permitieron pensar el papel del catolicismo arequipeño
en el espacio público en el contexto de la modernización institucional y cultural del
Perú e, incluso, la reflexión teológico-política del clero y el laicado propuso una
alternativa de orden social católico para el país. Además, el intento fallido de formar un
Partido Católico, iniciativa surgida en Arequipa con alcance nacional, fue el punto
culmen de la búsqueda de articular un proyecto nacional católico para el país. El
fracaso, por el importante desinterés del arzobispo de Lima, impidió la formación de
una alternativa nacional católica al proceso modernizador.
Sin embargo, la vitalidad del laicado formó una identidad católica en Arequipa que
permitió pensar la ciudad como un bastión religioso contra una Lima centralista y
secular. Sin ser un laicado numeroso, las actividades públicas de las sociedades
católicas caritativas y apologéticas y, la formación de laicos, como la realizada en el
Círculo de Obreros Católicos, muestran la fuerza del resurgimiento del catolicismo en la
ciudad. A pesar de no lograr un impacto en la construcción de políticas de estado, en
Arequipa el catolicismo permitió pensar una alternativa política desde una perspectiva
regional y religiosa. La investigación da cuenta de este proceso de transformación del
catolicismo en Arequipa y su actividad pública entre 1886 y 1925.
The research studies the process of Catholic revival in Arequipa in the context of the modernization of Peru between 1886 and 1925. The revival in Arequipa, mainly carried out by the laity of the elite and the middle class, was part of a process of renewal of global Catholicism during the 19th century, which allowed the Catholic Church to be placed in the process of modernization and secularization. The context of Catholic revival, under the leadership of the ultramontane clergy, allowed the formation of a militant laity organized in Catholic societies of piety, apologetics and social action. These societies thought the role of Catholicism of Arequipa in the public space, in the context of the institutional and cultural modernization of Peru, and, even, the theological and political reflection of the clergy and the laity proposed an alternative of Catholic social order for the country. In addition, the failed attempt to form a Catholic Party, an initiative emerged in Arequipa with national scope, was the highlight of the search to articulate a national Catholic project for the country. The failure, because of the important disinterest of the archbishop of Lima, prevented the formation of a national Catholic alternative to the modernizing process. However, the vitality of the laity built a Catholic identity in Arequipa, that allowed to think of the city as a religious bastion against a centralist and secular Lima. Without being a large number of laymen and laywomen, the Catholic societies’ public activities of charitable and apologetic and the formation of lay people, such as the one held in the Circle of Catholic Workers, show the force of revival of Catholicism in the city. Despite not having an impact in the construction of state policies, Catholicism in Arequipa allowed to think an alternative policy from a regional and religious perspective. The investigation gives an account of this process of transformation of Catholicism in Arequipa and its public activities between 1886 and 1925.
The research studies the process of Catholic revival in Arequipa in the context of the modernization of Peru between 1886 and 1925. The revival in Arequipa, mainly carried out by the laity of the elite and the middle class, was part of a process of renewal of global Catholicism during the 19th century, which allowed the Catholic Church to be placed in the process of modernization and secularization. The context of Catholic revival, under the leadership of the ultramontane clergy, allowed the formation of a militant laity organized in Catholic societies of piety, apologetics and social action. These societies thought the role of Catholicism of Arequipa in the public space, in the context of the institutional and cultural modernization of Peru, and, even, the theological and political reflection of the clergy and the laity proposed an alternative of Catholic social order for the country. In addition, the failed attempt to form a Catholic Party, an initiative emerged in Arequipa with national scope, was the highlight of the search to articulate a national Catholic project for the country. The failure, because of the important disinterest of the archbishop of Lima, prevented the formation of a national Catholic alternative to the modernizing process. However, the vitality of the laity built a Catholic identity in Arequipa, that allowed to think of the city as a religious bastion against a centralist and secular Lima. Without being a large number of laymen and laywomen, the Catholic societies’ public activities of charitable and apologetic and the formation of lay people, such as the one held in the Circle of Catholic Workers, show the force of revival of Catholicism in the city. Despite not having an impact in the construction of state policies, Catholicism in Arequipa allowed to think an alternative policy from a regional and religious perspective. The investigation gives an account of this process of transformation of Catholicism in Arequipa and its public activities between 1886 and 1925.
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Iglesia Católica--Perú--Arequipa--Historia, Iglesia Católica--Historia--Siglo XIX-XX
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