Experiencias representadas, juicio por la verdad y lucha por el reconocimiento social: el caso de las mujeres sobrevivientes de Manta y Vilca
Date
2024-06-19
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las producciones artísticas que
representan el caso emblemático de violaciones sexuales ocurridas en las comunidades de Manta
y Vilca, ubicadas en la región de Huancavelica, durante el conflicto armado interno peruano
(1980-2000). Son dos obras de teatro, en particular, las que se ocupan del mencionado caso: Kay
Punku. Acción documentada de las artistas Ana y Débora Correa y Manta y Vilca. Memoria escénica de
la Colectiva Trenzar.
En la investigación analizo las producciones artísticas, sus procesos de creación, la
memoria que crean sobre lo sucedido, los significados de lo ocurrido y cómo buscan aportar en
la reparación simbólica de las mujeres sobrevivientes de este caso de vulneración de derechos
humanos. Ahora bien, no me centré sólo en las producciones artísticas, en tanto
representaciones. Siguiendo la hebra, desde los procesos de creación y su circulación social,
analizo su vinculación con el proceso de judicialización, al cual las obras nacen enmarañadas, y
la relación que las producciones tienen con las mujeres sobrevivientes. Desde una mirada crítica,
reflexiono sobre el lugar de las voces de las mujeres sobrevivientes y sus subjetividades, tanto en
el proceso de judicialización, como de creación de representaciones. De esa manera, me acerco
críticamente no sólo a las representaciones que las producciones artísticas construidas por las
creadoras y artistas, sino también a los discursos públicos de las y los abogados y ONGs
patrocinantes en el caso judicial.
Para ello, entrevisté a diversos actores sociales, desde las artistas, las mujeres
sobrevivientes, abogadas y abogados, trabajadoras sociales y sicólogas vinculados al proceso
judicial, funcionarios públicos vinculados a las políticas de reparación, artistas visuales y
audiovisuales. Realicé trabajo de campo en la comunidad de Manta, donde pude conversar con
los y las habitantes del pueblo y estar el lugar de los hechos. Me inserté en espacios creativos,
donde pude experimentar y usar mi cuerpo como un lugar de conocimiento. Finalmente, asistí
a una serie de audiencias judiciales del proceso judicial, incorporando este espacio como un lugar
de observación etnográfica.
This research aims to analyze artistic productions that represent the emblematic case of sexual violations that occurred in the communities of Manta and Vilca, located in the Huancavelica region, during the Peruvian internal armed conflict (1980-2000). Two theatrical works, in particular, address the mentioned case: "Kay Punku. Acción documentada" by artists Ana and Débora Correa and "Manta y Vilca. Memoria escénica" by the Colectiva Trenzar. In the research, I analyze the artistic productions, their creation processes, the memories they generate about the events, the meanings of what happened, and how they seek to contribute to the symbolic reparation of the women survivors of this case of human rights violations. However, I did not focus solely on the artistic productions as representations. Following the thread from the creation processes and their social circulation, I analyze their connection with the process of judicialization, in which the works are entangled, and the relationship that the productions have with the women survivors. From a critical perspective, I reflect on the place of the voices of the women survivors and their subjectivities, both in the judicialization process and in the creation of representations. In this way, I critically approach not only the representations constructed by the creators and artists but also the public discourses of lawyers and sponsoring NGOs in the judicial case. To achieve this, I interviewed various social actors, including artists, women survivors, lawyers, social workers, and psychologists involved in the judicial process, public officials linked to reparations policies, visual and audiovisual artists. I conducted fieldwork in the Manta community, where I could talk to the inhabitants of the town and be in the location of the events. I immersed myself in creative spaces, where I could experience and use my body as a place of knowledge. Finally, I attended a series of judicial hearings in the judicial process, incorporating this space as a site of ethnographic observation.
This research aims to analyze artistic productions that represent the emblematic case of sexual violations that occurred in the communities of Manta and Vilca, located in the Huancavelica region, during the Peruvian internal armed conflict (1980-2000). Two theatrical works, in particular, address the mentioned case: "Kay Punku. Acción documentada" by artists Ana and Débora Correa and "Manta y Vilca. Memoria escénica" by the Colectiva Trenzar. In the research, I analyze the artistic productions, their creation processes, the memories they generate about the events, the meanings of what happened, and how they seek to contribute to the symbolic reparation of the women survivors of this case of human rights violations. However, I did not focus solely on the artistic productions as representations. Following the thread from the creation processes and their social circulation, I analyze their connection with the process of judicialization, in which the works are entangled, and the relationship that the productions have with the women survivors. From a critical perspective, I reflect on the place of the voices of the women survivors and their subjectivities, both in the judicialization process and in the creation of representations. In this way, I critically approach not only the representations constructed by the creators and artists but also the public discourses of lawyers and sponsoring NGOs in the judicial case. To achieve this, I interviewed various social actors, including artists, women survivors, lawyers, social workers, and psychologists involved in the judicial process, public officials linked to reparations policies, visual and audiovisual artists. I conducted fieldwork in the Manta community, where I could talk to the inhabitants of the town and be in the location of the events. I immersed myself in creative spaces, where I could experience and use my body as a place of knowledge. Finally, I attended a series of judicial hearings in the judicial process, incorporating this space as a site of ethnographic observation.
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Keywords
Violencia contra la mujer--Perú--Huancavelica, Violación--Perú--Huancavelica, Violencia política--Perú--Huancavelica, Teatro--Aspectos políticos--Perú--Huancavelica, Resarcimiento (Justicia penal)--Perú--Huancavelica
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