La carga de la prueba: actualidad y desarrollos en los casos de reconocimiento judicial de unión de hecho ante conviviente fallecido
Date
2024-03-07
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación tiene por objetivo demostrar la vital importancia de la institución procesal de la carga de la prueba, en el caso particular del reconocimiento judicial de uniones de hecho en nuestro país, partiendo de su regulación actual y como ha sido utilizada por los tribunales de cierre de la justicia ordinaria nacional. En base a ello, se busca acreditar que la regulación vigente en el Código Procesal Civil peruano ha quedado obsoleta, respecto a los avances del Derecho Probatorio y del proceso en general, teniendo como alternativa a mediano plazo, la aprobación del Proyecto del Nuevo Código Procesal Civil. Para arribar a tal conclusión sobre la carga de la prueba, se analizarán figuras como las reglas de juicio para el juez, la teoría de las cargas probatorias dinámicas, la alegación de nuevos hechos y los deberes de ambas partes en el proceso, con especial detalle en los procesos de reconocimiento judicial de unión de hecho. Finalmente se detallarán las particularidades del tipo de proceso en cuestión, atendiendo a que es declarativo de un derecho preexistente y que la actividad probatoria es de mayor complejidad cuando la demanda se interpone post mortem de uno de los convivientes, puesto que de no allanarse, la parte demandada tendrá sumamente complicado negar con mejor calidad de prueba la supuesta existencia de una unión de hecho que alega la parte demandante.
The objective of this work is to demonstrate the great importance of the procedural institution of the burden of proof, in the particular case of the judicial recognition of civil partnerships in our country, based on its current regulation and how it has been used by high courts of the national ordinary justice system. Based on this, it seeks to prove that the current regulation in the Peruvian Civil Procedure Code has become obsolete, in comparison to the advances of Probative Law and the judicial process in general, having as an alternative in the medium term, the approval of the New Civil Procedural Code. To reach such a conclusion about the burden of proof, figures such as the trial rules for the judge, the theory of dynamic probative burdens, the allegation of new facts and the obligations of both parties in the process will be analyzed, with special detail in the processes of judicial recognition of civil partnership. Finally, the particularities of the type of process in question will be detailed, taking into account that it is declaratory of a pre-existing right and that the probatory act is more complex when the lawsuit is filed post-mortem of one of the cohabitants, since if it is not settled, the defendant party will find it extremely difficult to deny with better quality of evidence the alleged existence of a civil partnership that the plaintiff alleges.
The objective of this work is to demonstrate the great importance of the procedural institution of the burden of proof, in the particular case of the judicial recognition of civil partnerships in our country, based on its current regulation and how it has been used by high courts of the national ordinary justice system. Based on this, it seeks to prove that the current regulation in the Peruvian Civil Procedure Code has become obsolete, in comparison to the advances of Probative Law and the judicial process in general, having as an alternative in the medium term, the approval of the New Civil Procedural Code. To reach such a conclusion about the burden of proof, figures such as the trial rules for the judge, the theory of dynamic probative burdens, the allegation of new facts and the obligations of both parties in the process will be analyzed, with special detail in the processes of judicial recognition of civil partnership. Finally, the particularities of the type of process in question will be detailed, taking into account that it is declaratory of a pre-existing right and that the probatory act is more complex when the lawsuit is filed post-mortem of one of the cohabitants, since if it is not settled, the defendant party will find it extremely difficult to deny with better quality of evidence the alleged existence of a civil partnership that the plaintiff alleges.
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Carga de la prueba, Procedimiento civil, Prueba (Derecho)--Perú
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