Modelo de reforma “Política Pública Viva” para enfrentar los problemas del Servicio de Seguridad Pública a cargo de la PNP en un contexto de reformas fallidas 1985 al 2024
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
El servicio de seguridad pública que brinda la Policía Nacional del Perú, viene
a ser el resultado de las funciones sustantivas que cumple, desde su creación no ha
sido el más adecuado, pues en el trascurso de los años se ha percibido como
ineficiente, por lo que los diferentes gobiernos de turno, para revertir esta situación,
optaron por los procesos de reforma policial y de esta manera se desempeñe
eficientemente; sin embargo, considerando los resultados que se han obtenido en
cada una de ellas, se ha decidido seleccionar como problema público: Inadecuado
servicio de seguridad pública entregado por la policía como consecuencia de los
deficientes procesos de reforma conducidas por el MININTER en la Policía Nacional
del Perú durante los años 1985 al 2024. Del estudio y análisis de la problemática
seleccionada se ha establecido como variable de estudio el servicio de seguridad
pública y como variable interviniente las reformas policiales, habiéndose construido
un marco teórico causal que explica cuáles son las causas de que estas reformas
hayan sido deficientes y en consecuencia no se haya podido entregar a la población
un servicio de seguridad publica adecuado. Entre ellas encontramos, el insuficiente
apoyo político para el proceso de reforma, la resistencia institucional al cambio (abona
a esta causa la inadecuada interpretación de la matriz cultural de la organización), la
falta de recursos para materializar la reforma; la presencia de corrupción institucional
y la ausencia de medición del proceso de reforma.
Ante esta problemática explicada y habiendo priorizado dentro de las causas
el insuficiente apoyo político, se planteó como desafío de innovación: ¿Cómo
podemos comprometer el apoyo político para brindar un servicio de seguridad publica
adecuado como resultado de conseguir un eficiente proceso de reforma en la PNP?
Siguiendo esta línea argumentativa, se optó por construir en el prototipo de innovación
el concepto de una “Política Pública viva”, la cual consta de cinco componentes y se
constituye como una metodología a emplear para conseguir un servicio de seguridad
pública eficiente llevando adelante un proceso de reforma policial exitoso y no solo
superar la causa priorizada, sino otras como la resistencia institucional al cambio, la
ineficiente medición del proceso y en cierta medida la presencia de corrupción
institucional.
The public security service provided by the Peruvian National Police is the result of the substantive functions it performs. Since its creation, it has not been the most adequate. Over the years, it has been perceived as inefficient. Therefore, various governments in power, to reverse this situation, have opted for police reform processes so that its can perform efficiently. However, considering the results obtained in each of them, it has been decided to select the following as a public problem: Inadequate public security services provided by the police as a result of the deficient reform processes conducted by the MININTER in the Peruvian National Police between 1985 and 2024. From the study and analysis of the selected problems, a causal theoretical framework has been constructed that explains the reasons why these reforms were deficient and why they have not been able to provide the population with an adequate public security service. These reasons include insufficient political support for the reform process; institutional resistance to change (which is furthered by the inadequate interpretation of the organization's cultural matrix); a lack of resources to implement the reform; the presence of institutional corruption; and a lack of measurement of the reform process Given this explained problem and having prioritized insufficient political support among the causes, the following innovation challenge was posed: How can we commit political support to provide an adequate public security service as a result of achieving an efficient reform process in the PNP? Following this line of argument, it was decided to build into the innovation prototype the concept of a "Living Public Policy," which consists of five components and constitutes a methodology to be used to achieve an efficient public security service by carrying out a successful police reform process an not only overcoming the prioritized cause, but also others such as institutional resistance to change, inefficient measurement of the process, and, to a certain extent, the presence of institutional corruption.
The public security service provided by the Peruvian National Police is the result of the substantive functions it performs. Since its creation, it has not been the most adequate. Over the years, it has been perceived as inefficient. Therefore, various governments in power, to reverse this situation, have opted for police reform processes so that its can perform efficiently. However, considering the results obtained in each of them, it has been decided to select the following as a public problem: Inadequate public security services provided by the police as a result of the deficient reform processes conducted by the MININTER in the Peruvian National Police between 1985 and 2024. From the study and analysis of the selected problems, a causal theoretical framework has been constructed that explains the reasons why these reforms were deficient and why they have not been able to provide the population with an adequate public security service. These reasons include insufficient political support for the reform process; institutional resistance to change (which is furthered by the inadequate interpretation of the organization's cultural matrix); a lack of resources to implement the reform; the presence of institutional corruption; and a lack of measurement of the reform process Given this explained problem and having prioritized insufficient political support among the causes, the following innovation challenge was posed: How can we commit political support to provide an adequate public security service as a result of achieving an efficient reform process in the PNP? Following this line of argument, it was decided to build into the innovation prototype the concept of a "Living Public Policy," which consists of five components and constitutes a methodology to be used to achieve an efficient public security service by carrying out a successful police reform process an not only overcoming the prioritized cause, but also others such as institutional resistance to change, inefficient measurement of the process, and, to a certain extent, the presence of institutional corruption.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Policía Nacional (Perú), Seguridad pública--Perú, Servicios públicos--Perú, Reforma de la función pública--Perú
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