La responsabilidad del empleador frente a accidentes de trabajo derivados de violencia externa
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
El presente trabajo analiza la responsabilidad del empleador frente a accidentes
de trabajo ocasionados por actos de violencia externa, desde la óptica del deber
de prevención, establecido en la Ley N° 29783, Ley de Seguridad y Salud en el
Trabajo, y en los principios constitucionales de protección a la vida y la salud. Se
examina cómo este deber, de naturaleza preventiva, impone al empleador la
obligación de adoptar medidas razonables y proporcionadas frente a los riesgos
previsibles, incluyendo aquellos derivados de la inseguridad ciudadana cuando
guardan conexión con la actividad laboral o con el entorno en el que se desarrolla
el trabajo.
Asimismo, se aborda el concepto de accidente de trabajo, conforme al marco
normativo nacional y jurisprudencial de la SUNAFIL, resaltando la relevancia del
nexo causal como elemento indispensable para atribuir responsabilidad
administrativa. Desde esta perspectiva, la imputación no recae sobre el hecho
violento en sí, sino sobre la omisión del empleador al no implementar medidas
efectivas de prevención y control del riesgo.
Finalmente, se propone un enfoque metodológico que permita delimitar la
responsabilidad empresarial en función de criterios de previsibilidad y control,
estableciendo supuestos objetivos de prevención y límites razonables al deber
de protección. Con ello, se busca alcanzar un equilibrio entre la tutela efectiva
de la integridad del trabajador y la racionalidad de las cargas impuestas al
empleador, promoviendo una gestión preventiva contextualizada, dinámica y
coherente con la realidad social del país.
This paper analyzes employer liability in cases of occupational accidents caused by acts of external violence, from the perspective of the duty of prevention established in Law N° 29783, the Occupational Safety and Health Law, and the constitutional principles protecting life and health. It examines how this duty, preventive in nature, imposes on employers the obligation to adopt reasonable and proportionate measures in response to foreseeable risks, including those arising from public insecurity when such risks are connected to the work activity or the environment in which the work is performed. Furthermore, the paper addresses the concept of occupational accident, in accordance with the national regulatory framework and SUNAFIL’s case law, emphasizing the relevance of the causal link as an essential element for attributing administrative liability. From this perspective, liability does not derive from the violent act itself, but from the employer’s omission in failing to implement effective measures for risk prevention and control. Finally, the study proposes a methodological approach to delineate employer liability based on criteria of foreseeability and control, establishing objective parameters of prevention and reasonable limits to the duty of protection. This seeks to achieve a balance between the effective safeguarding of the employee’s integrity and the proportionality of the obligations imposed on the employer, promoting a contextualized, dynamic, and socially grounded preventive management model.
This paper analyzes employer liability in cases of occupational accidents caused by acts of external violence, from the perspective of the duty of prevention established in Law N° 29783, the Occupational Safety and Health Law, and the constitutional principles protecting life and health. It examines how this duty, preventive in nature, imposes on employers the obligation to adopt reasonable and proportionate measures in response to foreseeable risks, including those arising from public insecurity when such risks are connected to the work activity or the environment in which the work is performed. Furthermore, the paper addresses the concept of occupational accident, in accordance with the national regulatory framework and SUNAFIL’s case law, emphasizing the relevance of the causal link as an essential element for attributing administrative liability. From this perspective, liability does not derive from the violent act itself, but from the employer’s omission in failing to implement effective measures for risk prevention and control. Finally, the study proposes a methodological approach to delineate employer liability based on criteria of foreseeability and control, establishing objective parameters of prevention and reasonable limits to the duty of protection. This seeks to achieve a balance between the effective safeguarding of the employee’s integrity and the proportionality of the obligations imposed on the employer, promoting a contextualized, dynamic, and socially grounded preventive management model.
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Seguridad en el empleo--Perú, Derecho laboral--Perú, Derechos fundamentales--Perú, Responsabilidad por accidentes de trabajo