La orientación tributaria como derecho fundamental
Fecha
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
Resumen
El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como finalidad analizar la orientación tributaria como
un derecho fundamental de los administrados y su importancia en el cumplimiento adecuado de
las obligaciones tributarias. El estudio parte del reconocimiento de que muchos contribuyentes
carecen de información clara y accesible respecto al sistema tributario, lo cual puede generar
incumplimientos involuntarios y desigualdad frente a la administración tributaria.
Esto es, aceptar que es un derecho del administrado recibir una correcta orientación tributaria por
parte de la Administración Tributaria y que, al recibir una indebida orientación esto generaría una
inducción a error; y a pesar de ello este hecho no es considerado un eximente de responsabilidad,
inclusive el mencionado hecho trae como consecuencia la pérdida de beneficios generando
sanciones que se ven reflejados en la economía de los administrados.
La investigación es de carácter fundamental, orientada al análisis teórico y normativo de un
derecho con implicancias prácticas. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de las Resoluciones del
Tribunal Fiscal (RTF), donde se evidencia la posición del Tribunal Fiscal que señala que todo acto
que realiza el administrado es considerado como un hecho voluntario y que los motivos (por
ejemplo, una indebida orientación) no exime de responsabilidad a los administrados y que las
consecuencias que ello implica, es decir, la imposición de sanciones impuestas por la
Administración Tributaria es aplicadas de manera objetiva.
Ante esto, se propone la incorporación del principio de predictibilidad en el Código Tributario para
que de esta forma el administrado tenga la confianza legítima que la información que reciba a
través de cualquier mecanismo que la Administración Tributaria pone a su disposición sea el
correcto y que no tendrá consecuencias pecuniarias negativas en sus derechos, y modificar el
artículo 170° del Código Tributario con respecto a la inaplicación de intereses y sanciones al
contribuyente.
This research paper aims to analyze tax guidance as a fundamental right of taxpayers and its importance in ensuring proper compliance with tax obligations. The study is based on the recognition that many taxpayers lack clear and accessible information regarding the tax system, which can lead to unintentional non-compliance and inequality in their relationship with the tax administration. In other words, it is essential to acknowledge that taxpayers have the right to receive proper tax guidance from the Tax Administration, and that improper guidance may lead to errors. Nevertheless, such errors are not currently considered a ground for exemption from liability. In fact, this situation often results in the loss of tax benefits and the imposition of penalties that negatively impact the taxpayer's economic situation. This is a fundamental research study, focused on the theoretical and regulatory analysis of a right with practical implications. The data were obtained from decisions issued by the Tax Court (Resoluciones del Tribunal Fiscal – RTF), which reflect the court’s position that all actions taken by the taxpayer are considered voluntary, and that the underlying motives (such as improper guidance) do not exempt them from responsibility. As a result, the sanctions imposed by the Tax Administration are applied objectively. In light of this, the paper proposes the inclusion of the principle of predictability in the Tax Code, so that taxpayers may place legitimate trust in the accuracy of the information provided through any mechanism established by the Tax Administration. Furthermore, it advocates for the amendment of Article 170 of the Tax Code to allow for the non-application of interest and penalties in such cases.
This research paper aims to analyze tax guidance as a fundamental right of taxpayers and its importance in ensuring proper compliance with tax obligations. The study is based on the recognition that many taxpayers lack clear and accessible information regarding the tax system, which can lead to unintentional non-compliance and inequality in their relationship with the tax administration. In other words, it is essential to acknowledge that taxpayers have the right to receive proper tax guidance from the Tax Administration, and that improper guidance may lead to errors. Nevertheless, such errors are not currently considered a ground for exemption from liability. In fact, this situation often results in the loss of tax benefits and the imposition of penalties that negatively impact the taxpayer's economic situation. This is a fundamental research study, focused on the theoretical and regulatory analysis of a right with practical implications. The data were obtained from decisions issued by the Tax Court (Resoluciones del Tribunal Fiscal – RTF), which reflect the court’s position that all actions taken by the taxpayer are considered voluntary, and that the underlying motives (such as improper guidance) do not exempt them from responsibility. As a result, the sanctions imposed by the Tax Administration are applied objectively. In light of this, the paper proposes the inclusion of the principle of predictability in the Tax Code, so that taxpayers may place legitimate trust in the accuracy of the information provided through any mechanism established by the Tax Administration. Furthermore, it advocates for the amendment of Article 170 of the Tax Code to allow for the non-application of interest and penalties in such cases.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Derecho tributario--Legislación--Perú, Orientación profesional, Derecho tributario administrativo, Contribuyentes