Contexto motivacional, tipos de motivación, estrategias de aprendizaje y rendimiento en estudiantes de secundaria
Date
2019-09-16
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El objetivo de la presente investigación es analizar en el marco de la Teoría de la
Autodeterminación la relación entre el contexto motivacional que promueve el docente
(apoyo a la autonomía y control), tipos de motivación del estudiante (autónoma y controlada),
el uso de estrategias de aprendizaje (nivel superficial y profundo) y el rendimiento académico
en el área de matemáticas.
La muestra estuvo conformada por 396 estudiantes de Educación Básica del sector
público (43.2 % fueron hombres y 56.8 % mujeres) que cursaban el 4° año de educación
secundaria en cuatro escuelas de la UGEL 03 del distrito de Breña de Lima Metropolitana.
Los instrumentos empleados en la presente investigación mostraron condiciones
psicométricas óptimas (evidencias de validez y confiabilidad). Se analizó los datos mediante
correlaciones, regresiones lineales y múltiples para identificar la relación entre las variables
implicadas en el modelo de investigación (contexto motivacional, tipos de motivación y
estrategias de aprendizaje) y la variable dependiente (rendimiento de los estudiantes en el
área de matemáticas).
Los resultados de las regresiones lineales mostraron que las variables de apoyo a la
autonomía, motivación autónoma y la estrategia de elaboración predicen de manera positiva
el rendimiento; mientras que las variables motivación controlada y edad predicen de manera
negativa el rendimiento. Sin embargo, cuando se analizó la relación de estas variables en una
regresión múltiple, a fin de determinar las mejores variables predictoras sobre el rendimiento,
estas fueron la motivación autónoma, motivación controlada y edad.
The objective of this research is to analyze within the framework of the Theory of Self-Determination the relationship between the motivational context promoted by the teacher (support for autonomy and control), types of student motivation (autonomous and controlled), the use of learning strategies (superficial and deep level) and academic performance in the area of mathematics. The sample consisted of 396 Basic Education students from the public sector (43.2% were men and 56.8% women) who were in the 4th year of secondary education in four schools of UGEL 03 in the Breña district of Metropolitan Lima. The instruments used in the present investigation showed optimal psychometric conditions (evidences of validity and reliability). The data were analyzed through correlations, linear and multiple regressions to identify the relationship between the variables involved in the research model (motivational context, types of motivation and learning strategies) and the dependent variable (student performance in the area of mathematics). The results of the linear regressions showed that the variables of autonomy support, autonomous motivation and the elaboration strategy predict performance positively; while the controlled motivation and age variables predict performance negatively. However, when the relation of these variables was analyzed in a multiple regression, in order to determine the best predictor variables on the performance, these were the autonomous motivation, controlled motivation and age.
The objective of this research is to analyze within the framework of the Theory of Self-Determination the relationship between the motivational context promoted by the teacher (support for autonomy and control), types of student motivation (autonomous and controlled), the use of learning strategies (superficial and deep level) and academic performance in the area of mathematics. The sample consisted of 396 Basic Education students from the public sector (43.2% were men and 56.8% women) who were in the 4th year of secondary education in four schools of UGEL 03 in the Breña district of Metropolitan Lima. The instruments used in the present investigation showed optimal psychometric conditions (evidences of validity and reliability). The data were analyzed through correlations, linear and multiple regressions to identify the relationship between the variables involved in the research model (motivational context, types of motivation and learning strategies) and the dependent variable (student performance in the area of mathematics). The results of the linear regressions showed that the variables of autonomy support, autonomous motivation and the elaboration strategy predict performance positively; while the controlled motivation and age variables predict performance negatively. However, when the relation of these variables was analyzed in a multiple regression, in order to determine the best predictor variables on the performance, these were the autonomous motivation, controlled motivation and age.
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Keywords
Motivación (Educación), Aprendizaje (Educación), Rendimiento académico, Estudiantes (Educación secundaria), Estrategias de aprendizaje
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