Plan y diseño de la puesta en marcha del negocio: Sistema de inteligencia financiera para pymes
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Date
2021-12-13
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Según el Ministerio de Comercio Exterior y Turismo (Mincetur), al 2019, el mercado
empresarial estaba integrado en un 94% por microempresas; 4.5%, pequeñas y medianas
empresas (Pymes); y solo un 0.5%, por grandes empresas (Produce, 2020), lo cual demuestra
que la economía peruana es sostenida principalmente por el sector microempresa y pyme. Sin
embargo, estos sectores no han logrado crecer y convertirse en una gran empresa, ya que
lograr dicho objetivo depende no solo de las oportunidades del mercado, sino también de las
habilidades del emprendedor, conocimiento del negocio, capacidad de gestión y
conocimiento financiero (Izquierdo, 2019).
Por ello, como han expuesto diferentes autores, los medianos, pequeños y
microempresarios, para crear valor tienen que enfrentarse a un complejo ambiente externo y,
por otro lado, también buscar resaltar en un ambiente interno siempre retador. Cabe resaltar
que, por creación de valor, se entiende cuando la rentabilidad económica ha sido superior al
costo de los recursos económicos utilizados durante un período. Sin embargo, para los
emprendedores no es fácil analizar el estado de sus negocios mientras operan, debido a sus
carencias en gestión financiera; comprendiéndose esta última como una buena gestión
financiera basada en información interna o externa que crea valor para la compañía,
maximizando su rentabilidad por encima del costo de oportunidad.
Si bien con el tiempo los empresarios desarrollan buenas habilidades de gestión y
profundo conocimiento de sus negocios, no logran generar buenas prácticas financieras
debido a que se acostumbran a tercerizarlas y mantenerlas solo con el fin de cumplimiento
fiscal; menospreciando, así, las eficiencias que pueden generarse a través de la buena gestión
financiera. En ese sentido, considerando esta debilidad, la presente idea de negocio parte del
supuesto de que uno de los factores que limitan el crecimiento de las Pymes está relacionado
con la falta de una buena gestión financiera, por lo que se presenta una propuesta de solución
que busca facilitar la gestión financiera a todo tipo de empresario y que, luego de usarla, las
empresas consideren a las finanzas como un pilar dentro de sus estrategias y gestión.
Por ello, se consideró que la solución más eficiente es crear una plataforma al alcance del
presupuesto de las Pymes, que permita incrementar las posibilidades de crecimiento y éxito
de sus negocios. La plataforma estará construida considerando nuevas tecnologías digitales
como Business Intelligence, Data Analytics y Machine Learning, para facilitar el
entendimiento de las finanzas. Es decir, se busca que el producto sea un sistema de asesoría
inteligente que facilite la gestión financiera del usuario bajo una relación ganar ganar, donde
el usuario, empresa o emprendedor recibirá soporte constante con consejos automatizados y
personalizados. En contraparte, esta propuesta logrará ser rentable y tener un valor
económico mayor a la inversión inicial, alcanzando un VAN de USD 672 mil.
According to Mincetur, as of 2019, 94% of the business market are microenterprises, 4.5% are small and medium-sized enterprises (hereinafter Pymes) and only 0.5% are considered big enterprises (Produce, 2020), demonstrating that the Peruvian economy is mainly sustained by the microenterprise and Pyme sector. Nevertheless, these sectors have not managed to grow and become a big enterprise, since achieving such a goal depends not only on market opportunities, but also on the entrepreneur's skills, business knowledge, management skills and financial knowledge. (Izquierdo, 2019). Therefore, as different authors have explained, to create value, medium, small, and micro-businesses must face a complex external environment and, on the other hand, they also seek to stand out in an internal environment that is always challenging. It should also be noted that value creation is understood as when the economic profitability has been higher than the cost of the economic resources used during a period. However, it is not easy for businesspersons to analyze the state of their businesses while they are operating due to their flaws in financial management. And good financial management is understood as any decision based on internal or external information that creates value in the company, maximizing its profitability above the opportunity cost. In addition, although over time entrepreneurs develop good management skills and deep knowledge of their business, they fail to generate good financial practices because they tend to outsource financial activities and keep them only for tax compliance purposes, thus underestimating the efficiencies that can be generated through good financial management. In this sense, considering this weakness, this business idea assumes that one of the factors that limit the growth of Pymes is related to the lack of good financial management. And a solution proposal is submitted that seeks to facilitate financial management to all types of entrepreneurs and that, after using it, companies consider finances as a pillar within their strategies and management. Therefore, it was considered that the most efficient solution is to create a platform within the reach of the Pymes' budget, which will increase the possibilities of growth and success of their businesses. The platform will be built considering new digital technologies such as business intelligence, data analytics and machine learning, facilitating the understanding of finances. In other words, the product is intended to be an intelligent advisory system that facilitates the user's financial management under a win-win relationship, where the user, company or entrepreneur will receive constant support to entrepreneurs with automated and personalized advice, while the company will become profitable and an economic value greater than the initial investment, reaching an NPV of 672 thousand dollars.
According to Mincetur, as of 2019, 94% of the business market are microenterprises, 4.5% are small and medium-sized enterprises (hereinafter Pymes) and only 0.5% are considered big enterprises (Produce, 2020), demonstrating that the Peruvian economy is mainly sustained by the microenterprise and Pyme sector. Nevertheless, these sectors have not managed to grow and become a big enterprise, since achieving such a goal depends not only on market opportunities, but also on the entrepreneur's skills, business knowledge, management skills and financial knowledge. (Izquierdo, 2019). Therefore, as different authors have explained, to create value, medium, small, and micro-businesses must face a complex external environment and, on the other hand, they also seek to stand out in an internal environment that is always challenging. It should also be noted that value creation is understood as when the economic profitability has been higher than the cost of the economic resources used during a period. However, it is not easy for businesspersons to analyze the state of their businesses while they are operating due to their flaws in financial management. And good financial management is understood as any decision based on internal or external information that creates value in the company, maximizing its profitability above the opportunity cost. In addition, although over time entrepreneurs develop good management skills and deep knowledge of their business, they fail to generate good financial practices because they tend to outsource financial activities and keep them only for tax compliance purposes, thus underestimating the efficiencies that can be generated through good financial management. In this sense, considering this weakness, this business idea assumes that one of the factors that limit the growth of Pymes is related to the lack of good financial management. And a solution proposal is submitted that seeks to facilitate financial management to all types of entrepreneurs and that, after using it, companies consider finances as a pillar within their strategies and management. Therefore, it was considered that the most efficient solution is to create a platform within the reach of the Pymes' budget, which will increase the possibilities of growth and success of their businesses. The platform will be built considering new digital technologies such as business intelligence, data analytics and machine learning, facilitating the understanding of finances. In other words, the product is intended to be an intelligent advisory system that facilitates the user's financial management under a win-win relationship, where the user, company or entrepreneur will receive constant support to entrepreneurs with automated and personalized advice, while the company will become profitable and an economic value greater than the initial investment, reaching an NPV of 672 thousand dollars.
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Keywords
Pequeñas empresas--Perú, Buenas prácticas, Administración financiera, Aprendizaje automático (Inteligencia artificial), Microfinanzas, Pequeñas empresas–Finanzas