Representaciones sociales sobre cultura y relaciones entre culturas en adolescentes de Lima Metropolitana
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La convivencia pacífica es obstaculizada por relaciones estigmatizantes y verticales entre
diferentes grupos sociales, los cuales se basan en discursos moderno-coloniales sobre la
cultura, perpetuados a través de instituciones como la escuela. Al respecto, las voces de los y
las adolescentes, caracterizadas por dialogar con el contexto sociocultural, han sido
invisibilizadas en la literatura. Por ello, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar las
representaciones sociales sobre cultura y relaciones entre culturas en un grupo de adolescentes
de 4° de secundaria de una escuela pública limeña. Para ello, se empleó un abordaje cualitativo,
la posición epistemológica socioconstruccionista y el diseño de análisis temático. La
información se recogió mediante una ficha sociodemográfica y una guía de entrevista
individual; se procesó a partir del enfoque procesual y estructural de las representaciones
sociales, en el marco de la psicología cultural. Se encontraron representaciones de cultura
diversas, contradictorias y dialogantes, favoreciendo al discurso tradicional. Estas
representaciones se centraron en las tradiciones y costumbres nacionales y folclóricas; y
reconocían el valor de los conocimientos, especialmente sobre la historia nacional. De ese
modo, a partir de su utilidad como objeto de consumo y como medio de progreso social, la
cultura aliena y jerarquiza. En adición, se observó un reconocimiento del cambio, la diversidad
y el diálogo intercultural que estaba limitado por las anteriores ideas. Por último, se muestra
una considerable influencia de los docentes y la escuela en estas representaciones.
Peaceful coexistence is thwarted because of the stigmatizing and vertical relationships between different social groups, which are based on modern-colonial discourses about culture reproduced in institutions like schools. In this regard, adolescents’ voices have been ignored by literature, despite being intertwined with the sociocultural context. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze the social representations about culture and relationships between cultures from a group of teenagers of 4th grade from a public school in Lima-Perú. For this purpose, it used a qualitative approach, a social constructionist epistemological position and a thematic analysis. Data was gathered through a socio-demographic data sheet and an individual interview guide; also, it was analyzed within the cultural psychology framework, inside the process and structural social representations’ approaches. There were found diverse, contradictory and dialoguing representations about culture, contributing mainly to traditional discourse. These representations were centered on national folkloric traditions and customs; further, they valued knowledge, especially about national history. Therefore, related to its usefulness as a consumer object and social progress medium, culture alienates and hierarchizes. Besides, the recognition of cultural change and diversity, and intercultural dialogue is limited by the aforementioned ideas. Finally, it is evident the significant influence of teachers and high school in these representations.
Peaceful coexistence is thwarted because of the stigmatizing and vertical relationships between different social groups, which are based on modern-colonial discourses about culture reproduced in institutions like schools. In this regard, adolescents’ voices have been ignored by literature, despite being intertwined with the sociocultural context. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze the social representations about culture and relationships between cultures from a group of teenagers of 4th grade from a public school in Lima-Perú. For this purpose, it used a qualitative approach, a social constructionist epistemological position and a thematic analysis. Data was gathered through a socio-demographic data sheet and an individual interview guide; also, it was analyzed within the cultural psychology framework, inside the process and structural social representations’ approaches. There were found diverse, contradictory and dialoguing representations about culture, contributing mainly to traditional discourse. These representations were centered on national folkloric traditions and customs; further, they valued knowledge, especially about national history. Therefore, related to its usefulness as a consumer object and social progress medium, culture alienates and hierarchizes. Besides, the recognition of cultural change and diversity, and intercultural dialogue is limited by the aforementioned ideas. Finally, it is evident the significant influence of teachers and high school in these representations.
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Etnopsicología, Cultura--Representaciones sociales, Adolescentes--Educación--Perú--Lima
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