Entre el arte popular y el arte contemporáneo: análisis de representaciones de mujeres en la obra de Venuca Evanán y Violeta Quispe
Date
2024-10-16
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La investigación analiza las representaciones de mujeres en la obra de dos
artistas limeñas contemporáneas: Venuca Evanán y Violeta Quispe. Ambas son
herederas del legado de la elaboración de tablas de Sarhua, cuyo origen es
Ayacucho (Perú). Desde su producción en la capital, en la década de los 70, las
tablas han afrontado diversas adaptaciones de forma y contenido. Para comprender
su producción actual, se utiliza la teoría social del arte. Esta teoría nos invita a pensar
no solo en las representaciones (imágenes vinculadas a ideologías) del objeto
plástico, que son susceptibles a nuestra vista como primer contacto, sino también
sus determinantes: los procesos económicos y políticos. Estos últimos forman parte
de lo que Lauer (1982) denomina soporte material.
Dichos procesos económicos y políticos pueden identificarse al realizar una
revisión histórica, la cual evidencia el recorrido del objeto plástico (en este caso, las
tablas de Sarhua) que transita desde Ayacucho hasta Lima, y los elementos que
determinan su producción, distribución y consumo, lo que implica considerar en el
análisis a los productores, sus relaciones sociales, el mercado, etc. Por ello, en el
presente estudio, se abordan los siguientes eventos históricos y sociales en el Perú
vinculados a la producción de tablas de Sarhua: las migraciones de las zonas rurales
(como Ayacucho) a las urbanas (como Lima), en las décadas de los 70 y 80; el
nacimiento del arte popular y contemporáneo, y las luchar por la igualdad de género.
Con este marco, se entenderá cómo las tablas de Sarhua,que nacieron como objeto
ritual, se convirtieron en mercancías y, posteriormente, se consideran obras de arte
contemporáneo (como las creaciones de Venuca y Violeta), que denuncian
problemáticas sociales.
The research analyzes the representations of women in the work of two contemporary artists from Lima: Venuca Evanan and Violeta Quispe. Both are heirs to the legacy of making of tablas de Sarhua, whose origin is Ayacucho (Peru). Since their production in the capital, in the 1970s, the boards have undergone various adaptations of form and content. To understand its current production, “we use the social theory of art is used”. This theory invites us to think not only about the representations (images linked to ideologies) of the plastic object, which are susceptible to our view as first contact, but also its determinants: economic and political processes. The latter are part of what Mirko Lauer (1982) calls material support. These economic and political processes can be identified by carrying out a historical review, which shows the journey of the plastic object (in this case, the Sarhua boards) that travels from Ayacucho to Lima, and the elements that determine its production, distribution and consumption, which implies considering the producers, their social relations, the market, etc. in the analysis. Thus, in this study, the following historical and social events in Peru linked to the production of Sarhua boards are addressed: the migrations from rural areas (like Ayacucho) to urban areas (like Lima) in the 70s and 80s; the birthof popular and contemporary art; and the struggles for gender equality. With this framework, it will be understood how the tablas de Sarhua, which were born as ritual objects, became merchandise and, later, are considered works of contemporary art (likethe creations of Venuca and Violeta), which denounce social problems.
The research analyzes the representations of women in the work of two contemporary artists from Lima: Venuca Evanan and Violeta Quispe. Both are heirs to the legacy of making of tablas de Sarhua, whose origin is Ayacucho (Peru). Since their production in the capital, in the 1970s, the boards have undergone various adaptations of form and content. To understand its current production, “we use the social theory of art is used”. This theory invites us to think not only about the representations (images linked to ideologies) of the plastic object, which are susceptible to our view as first contact, but also its determinants: economic and political processes. The latter are part of what Mirko Lauer (1982) calls material support. These economic and political processes can be identified by carrying out a historical review, which shows the journey of the plastic object (in this case, the Sarhua boards) that travels from Ayacucho to Lima, and the elements that determine its production, distribution and consumption, which implies considering the producers, their social relations, the market, etc. in the analysis. Thus, in this study, the following historical and social events in Peru linked to the production of Sarhua boards are addressed: the migrations from rural areas (like Ayacucho) to urban areas (like Lima) in the 70s and 80s; the birthof popular and contemporary art; and the struggles for gender equality. With this framework, it will be understood how the tablas de Sarhua, which were born as ritual objects, became merchandise and, later, are considered works of contemporary art (likethe creations of Venuca and Violeta), which denounce social problems.
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Keywords
Pintoras peruanas (Evanán), Pintoras peruanas (Quispe), Artesanía--Perú--Sarhua (Ayacucho : Distrito), Arte y sociedad--Perú
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