¿La determinación objetiva en el Nuevo RUS vulnera el principio de capacidad contributiva?
Date
2019-08-02
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente trabajo de investigación tiene por objeto comprobar o desmitificar las críticas
al Nuevo RUS (Régimen Único Simplificado), con relación a que dicho régimen
distorsiona el sistema tributario porque la determinación objetiva de la base permite que
contribuyentes con iguales capacidades económicas se adscriban a un régimen
tributario distinto, existiendo así un aprovechamiento indebido de este régimen especial
para pequeños contribuyentes. Ante la ausencia de un análisis constitucional del Nuevo
RUS, la presente investigación realiza un acercamiento a los principios constitucionales
que limitan la potestad tributaria, en especial el que sustenta el Nuevo RUS, el principio
de solidaridad, y el que afecta, el principio de capacidad contributiva. Haciendo uso del
método dogmático y el método de ponderación se verifica que el régimen tributario
materia de análisis si bien afecta el principio de capacidad contributiva lo hace en un
grado medio, pero ello no hace que el Nuevo RUS sea ilegítimo porque la importancia
del principio de solidaridad es alta. Lo importante de este estudio es que desmitifica el
discurso elaborado por los críticos de este régimen, y se pueda concluir que el Nuevo
RUS sacrifica en cierta medida el principio de capacidad contributiva, mas no
prescindiendo de él, y por el logro de sus fines, sobre la base del principio de solidaridad,
logra consagrarse como una figura tributaria compatible con el ordenamiento
constitucional
The purpose of this research is to verify or demystify the criticisms of the New RUS (Unique Simplified Regime). Such criticisms refer that the mentioned regime distorts the tax system because the objective determination of the base of this tax allows taxpayers with equal economic capacity to be assigned to different tax regime, generating an undue advantage over the New RUS. Given the absence of a constitutional jurisprudence about the New RUS, this research will approach us to the constitutional principles that limit taxation power such as the principle of solidarity that support the New RUS and then the research will address the principle of contributory capacity, which is affected. Using the dogmatic and weighing methodologies we conclude that the New RUS affects the principle of contributory capacity in a medium degree, it does not mean that the New RUS is not legitimate because the importance of the principle of solidarity, which supports the mentioned regime, is high. The importance of this research is that it demystifies some criticisms against the New RUS. It can be said that this regime affects the principle of contributory capacity but it does not infringe the mentioned principle. Consequently, we believe that the New RUS is a tax that is in accordance with the Constitution.
The purpose of this research is to verify or demystify the criticisms of the New RUS (Unique Simplified Regime). Such criticisms refer that the mentioned regime distorts the tax system because the objective determination of the base of this tax allows taxpayers with equal economic capacity to be assigned to different tax regime, generating an undue advantage over the New RUS. Given the absence of a constitutional jurisprudence about the New RUS, this research will approach us to the constitutional principles that limit taxation power such as the principle of solidarity that support the New RUS and then the research will address the principle of contributory capacity, which is affected. Using the dogmatic and weighing methodologies we conclude that the New RUS affects the principle of contributory capacity in a medium degree, it does not mean that the New RUS is not legitimate because the importance of the principle of solidarity, which supports the mentioned regime, is high. The importance of this research is that it demystifies some criticisms against the New RUS. It can be said that this regime affects the principle of contributory capacity but it does not infringe the mentioned principle. Consequently, we believe that the New RUS is a tax that is in accordance with the Constitution.
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Keywords
Impuestos--Legislación--Perú, Contribuciones--Legislación--Perú, Tasas (Derecho tributario), Pequeñas empresas--Legislación--Perú, Contribuyentes, Política económica--Perú, Derecho tributario--Perú
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