Análisis de la aplicación del derecho a la nacionalidad y apatridia según los estándares del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos en el Perú
Date
2025-03-14
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Abstract
El presente documento propone un análisis jurídico sobre la interrelación entre
nacionalidad, apatridia y migración. Mediante el estudio de los pronunciamientos
consultivos y jurisprudenciales del Sistema Interamericano de Derechos
Humanos, se destacan los estándares en materia de nacionalidad y apatridia,
así como la conexión con los desafíos que plantea la movilidad humana. Para
ello, se examina doble dimensión del derecho a la nacionalidad desde el Derecho
Internacional de los Derechos Humanos, su adquisición y los límites a la
discrecionalidad en su otorgamiento. Se abordará, además, la apatridia como
vulneración del derecho a la nacionalidad, para lo cual se establecerán
supuestos de su configuración, así como las medidas necesarias para garantizar
que la privación de la nacionalidad no sea arbitraria. Finalmente, se analizará la
aplicación de estos estándares en el contexto peruano, específicamente en
relación con la migración venezolana. El propósito de esta investigación es
identificar los avances y las áreas pendientes en la alineación de la legislación
peruana con los estándares internacionales, destacando la importancia de
fortalecer esta alineación para proteger los derechos de los migrantes y prevenir
la apatridia. El resultado del análisis efectuado concluye en que el marco jurídico
peruano adopta algunos estándares establecidos por el SIDH, en materia de
vinculación efectiva, discrecionalidad para la aplicación de la nacionalidad y
respeto de los derechos humanos. Sin embargo, aún persisten algunas
dificultades para garantizar que no existan vacíos o prácticas que perjudiquen a
los sectores más vulnerables, en particular para prevenir la apatridia.
This paper proposes a legal analysis of the interrelationship between nationality, statelessness and migration. Through the study of the advisory and jurisprudential pronouncements of the Inter-American Human Rights System, the standards on nationality and statelessness are highlighted, as well as the connection with the challenges posed by human mobility. To this end, it examines the double dimension of the right to nationality from the perspective of International Human Rights Law, its acquisition and the limits to discretion in its granting. Statelessness will also be addressed as a violation of the right to nationality, for which the assumptions of its configuration will be established, as well as the necessary measures to ensure that the deprivation of nationality is not arbitrary. Finally, the application of these standards in the Peruvian context will be analyzed, specifically in relation to Venezuelan migration. The purpose of this research is to identify progress and pending areas in the alignment of Peruvian legislation with international standards, highlighting the importance of strengthening this alignment to protect the human rights of migrants and prevent statelessness. The result of the analysis carried out concludes that the Peruvian legal framework adopts some standards established by the IAHRS, in terms of effective linkage, discretion for the application of nationality and respect for human rights. However, some challenges remain in ensuring that there are no gaps or practices that harm the most vulnerable, particularly in preventing statelessness.
This paper proposes a legal analysis of the interrelationship between nationality, statelessness and migration. Through the study of the advisory and jurisprudential pronouncements of the Inter-American Human Rights System, the standards on nationality and statelessness are highlighted, as well as the connection with the challenges posed by human mobility. To this end, it examines the double dimension of the right to nationality from the perspective of International Human Rights Law, its acquisition and the limits to discretion in its granting. Statelessness will also be addressed as a violation of the right to nationality, for which the assumptions of its configuration will be established, as well as the necessary measures to ensure that the deprivation of nationality is not arbitrary. Finally, the application of these standards in the Peruvian context will be analyzed, specifically in relation to Venezuelan migration. The purpose of this research is to identify progress and pending areas in the alignment of Peruvian legislation with international standards, highlighting the importance of strengthening this alignment to protect the human rights of migrants and prevent statelessness. The result of the analysis carried out concludes that the Peruvian legal framework adopts some standards established by the IAHRS, in terms of effective linkage, discretion for the application of nationality and respect for human rights. However, some challenges remain in ensuring that there are no gaps or practices that harm the most vulnerable, particularly in preventing statelessness.
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Nacionalidad--Legislación--Perú, Derechos humanos--Legislación--Perú, Derecho internacional, Migraciones internacionales--Legislación--Perú
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