Límites y posibilidades de las instancias de asuntos indígenas en gobiernos locales: el caso de los distritos de Río Negro, Río Tambo y la provincia de Satipo, Junín, 2016
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2021-01-15
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La población indígena en el Perú enfrenta situaciones de inequidad respecto al
resto de la población, a lo cual se suma la exclusión en el ejercicio de sus derechos
ciudadanos. A pesar de que los Estados vienen adoptando una serie de políticas
a favor de los derechos de los pueblos indígenas, garantizados en el Convenio
169 OIT y la Declaración de Pueblos Indígenas de Naciones Unidas, el ejercicio
pleno de sus derechos continúa postergado, especialmente los referentes a la
participación y representación.
En ese marco, se aborda una experiencia novedosa de lo que podría denominarse
institucionalidad estatal indígena, entendida como el establecimiento de
mecanismos para la efectiva participación y representación de los pueblos
indígenas en asuntos públicos y en la toma de decisiones en asuntos que los
involucre. A partir de la instauración de gerencias y subgerencias de pueblos
indígenas en municipios de los distritos de Río Negro, Río Tambo y la provincia
de Satipo, se busca conocer los límites y posibilidades asociados a esta
experiencia. Para ello, se analizan el proceso de gestación de estas instancias,
las funciones asignadas y ejercidas para dar respuesta a las necesidades de los
pueblos indígenas amazónicos, asimismo se identifican rasgos clave en su
funcionamiento.
Las gerencias y sub gerencias de asuntos indígenas vienen jugando un rol central
en la relación municipio-pueblos indígenas al garantizar espacios de diálogo
horizontal y de coordinación directa, y al posibilitar la instauración de una gestión
de desarrollo con enfoque intercultural y con representatividad indígena.
La presente investigación es de naturaleza cualitativa, aborda de forma
exploratoria, descriptiva y analítica una experiencia de política pública local. Está
basada en una muestra significativa no probabilística de la participación de actores
sociales clave involucrados en los procesos. El acercamiento a los casos de
estudio se realizó en cuatro visitas en el 2016 en las que se aplicaron entrevistas
a líderes de organizaciones indígenas amazónicas, a servidores y funcionarios
indígenas de los gobiernos locales. Asimismo, se realizaron observaciones en
congresos regionales y el análisis de fuentes secundarias.
The thesis seeks to describe the incubation (or construction) process, function development, limits and possibilities of the indigenous affairs managements and sub management offices in the local governments of Río Negro, Río Tambo located in the province of Satipo. This qualitative research considered a significant sample through non-probabilistic method of participation of social actors involved in the processes. Also, this research is exploratory, analytical and descriptive. The approaching to the cases occurred during four visits in 2016, where twenty-three interviews were applied, and field observations and analysis of secondaries sources were made. It was found that: (1) indigenous organization’s incidence and pressure are fundamental in the development and progress of these offices; (2) diagnostics elaboration, planning and budget definition and intervention with local governments are the observed main functions; (3) insufficient resources and equipment, assistance and discriminatory perspective and high communities’ expectations facing the access to services and infrastructure gaps are the main limitations; (4) the approach between municipalities and communities, achieved representativeness and transition from an assistance perspective to a development management perspective are recognized as possibilities. Although the analysis of these kind of experiences was limited to the Amazon, specifically in the Peruvian central selva, the study case could be useful to other related actors and works as a reference to other municipalities with significant quantities of indigenous communities
The thesis seeks to describe the incubation (or construction) process, function development, limits and possibilities of the indigenous affairs managements and sub management offices in the local governments of Río Negro, Río Tambo located in the province of Satipo. This qualitative research considered a significant sample through non-probabilistic method of participation of social actors involved in the processes. Also, this research is exploratory, analytical and descriptive. The approaching to the cases occurred during four visits in 2016, where twenty-three interviews were applied, and field observations and analysis of secondaries sources were made. It was found that: (1) indigenous organization’s incidence and pressure are fundamental in the development and progress of these offices; (2) diagnostics elaboration, planning and budget definition and intervention with local governments are the observed main functions; (3) insufficient resources and equipment, assistance and discriminatory perspective and high communities’ expectations facing the access to services and infrastructure gaps are the main limitations; (4) the approach between municipalities and communities, achieved representativeness and transition from an assistance perspective to a development management perspective are recognized as possibilities. Although the analysis of these kind of experiences was limited to the Amazon, specifically in the Peruvian central selva, the study case could be useful to other related actors and works as a reference to other municipalities with significant quantities of indigenous communities
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Keywords
Minorías étnicas--Perú--Junín, Comunidades nativas----Perú--Junín, Gobiernos locales--Perú--Junín, Satipo (Junín : Provincia)--Condiciones sociales, Interculturalidad--Perú--Junín, Municipios--Gobierno y administración--Perú--Junín
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