Aquel fuego de noviembre: un documental etnográfico sobre la representación escénica de la rebelión de Túpac Amaru II en las provincias altas del Cusco
Date
2024-05-08
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Esta tesis se compone de un largometraje documental y un documento escrito. El objeto
de investigación es un conjunto de escenificaciones sobre el inicio de la Gran Rebelión,
liderada por Túpac Amaru II, que se realiza cada mes de noviembre en los distritos de
Tinta, Tungasuca y Sangarará —llamados pueblos o tierras tupacamaristas—, y
pertenecientes a las provincias cusqueñas de Canchis, Canas y Acomayo,
respectivamente. La observación etnográfica y el registro audiovisual de estos actos
conmemorativos en los años 2021 y 2022, generaron preguntas sobre quiénes y cómo
representan aquellos eventos y abrieron cuestionamientos sobre las tensiones,
negociaciones y acuerdos que emergen dentro de las poblaciones en esos eventos. La
tesis se construye a partir de los debates suscitados entre los estudios de performance
y memoria, pero también analiza la tradición escénica de corte indigenista e incaísta de
los Andes y los modos de representación de las producciones cinematográficas que se
realizaron en la zona sur de Cusco durante la segunda mitad del siglo pasado. El eje
central del trabajo de campo fue el seguimiento al actor que interpreta a Túpac Amaru II
en las puestas en escena, llamado Robert Paucara Churana. A través de su proceso de
transformación (de persona a personaje), se ramifican otras historias y memorias de los
habitantes de las provincias mencionadas en relación a la representación de un hecho
crucial de su memoria colectiva. Este trabajo constituye un aporte importante para la
Antropología Visual y para la producción de no ficción peruana y latinoamericana por la
develación de una práctica performativa poco conocida en relación a una de las figuras
históricas más importantes del continente, y por la mirada cercana a las poblaciones
andinas, pues el investigador es de origen quechua.
This thesis is composed of a full-length documentary and a written document. The object of research is a set of stagings about the beginning of the Great Rebellion, led by Tupac Amaru II, which takes place every November in the districts of Tinta, Tungasuca and Sangarara —called Tupac Amaru villages or lands—, and belonging to the Cusco provinces of Canchis, Canas and Acomayo, respectively. The ethnographic observation and audiovisual recording of these commemorative events in the years 2021 and 2022, generated questions about who and how those events are represented and opened questions about the tensions, negotiations and agreements that emerge within the populations in those events. The thesis is built on the debates between performance and memory studies, but also analyzes the indigenous and Incaist stage tradition of the Andes and the modes of representation of film productions that took place in the southern area of Cusco during the second half of the last century. The central axis of the fieldwork was to follow the actor who plays Tupac Amaru II in the productions, Robert Paucara Churana. Through his transformation process (from person to character), other stories and memories of the inhabitants of the mentioned provinces are branched out in relation to the representation of a crucial event of their collective memory. This work constitutes an important contribution to Visual Anthropology and to the production of Peruvian and Latin American non-fiction for the unveiling of a little known performative practice in relation to one of the most important historical figures of the continent, and for the close look to the Andean populations, because the researcher is of Quechua origin.
This thesis is composed of a full-length documentary and a written document. The object of research is a set of stagings about the beginning of the Great Rebellion, led by Tupac Amaru II, which takes place every November in the districts of Tinta, Tungasuca and Sangarara —called Tupac Amaru villages or lands—, and belonging to the Cusco provinces of Canchis, Canas and Acomayo, respectively. The ethnographic observation and audiovisual recording of these commemorative events in the years 2021 and 2022, generated questions about who and how those events are represented and opened questions about the tensions, negotiations and agreements that emerge within the populations in those events. The thesis is built on the debates between performance and memory studies, but also analyzes the indigenous and Incaist stage tradition of the Andes and the modes of representation of film productions that took place in the southern area of Cusco during the second half of the last century. The central axis of the fieldwork was to follow the actor who plays Tupac Amaru II in the productions, Robert Paucara Churana. Through his transformation process (from person to character), other stories and memories of the inhabitants of the mentioned provinces are branched out in relation to the representation of a crucial event of their collective memory. This work constitutes an important contribution to Visual Anthropology and to the production of Peruvian and Latin American non-fiction for the unveiling of a little known performative practice in relation to one of the most important historical figures of the continent, and for the close look to the Andean populations, because the researcher is of Quechua origin.
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Keywords
Túpac Amaru, José Gabriel, 1742-1781--Drama, Insurrección--Perú--Cuzco--Historia, Recreaciones históricas--Perú--Cuzco, Películas documentales--Aspectos antropológicos--Perú--Cuzco
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