Narrativas de la prensa sobre ciudadanía y nación. Los conflictos socioambientales de Bagua y Las Bambas
Date
2023-10-03
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Esta tesis analiza las narrativas y la representación de la nación y del ‘ser ciudadano’
en el periodismo nacional en momentos de crisis, cuando las ideas parecen agotarse y las
soluciones y consensos básicos, esfumarse. Parte de la premisa de que la prensa es la
plataforma de mayor difusión del conflicto y puede facilitar su comprensión en el público.
Para ello, toma como referencia los casos de Bagua (2008 y 2009) y Las Bambas (2015-
2019), dos conflictos socioambientales importantes para el país, diferentes en su origen,
desarrollo, tiempos y actores, pero que permiten identificar, en los discursos y
contradiscursos de la prensa: los roles que asumen o se les asigna a los actores principales,
como ciudadanos y miembros de la comunidad política; sus capitales sociales y
culturales; el nivel de cultura política y de confianza en las instituciones; y sus relaciones
de poder con otros agentes sociales. Este análisis, corroborado con periodistas
involucrados en la cobertura de ambos eventos, identifica una evolución en la
mediatización del conflicto. Observa que el periodismo impreso y televisivo muestran
vacíos en la profundización de las manifestaciones culturales, conductas y la acción social
de ciudadanos involucrados, estructuralmente excluidos y tardíamente reconocidos como
sujetos de derechos, que comparten la vivencia de la protesta como respuesta a
necesidades y acción colectiva sustentada en intereses puntuales. ‘El Otro’ es implícito
como ciudadano, agente central y actor en la solución del conflicto; y la nación un
espejismo, que no se aborda ni confronta.
The thesis analyzes the narratives and the representation of the nation and of the 'citizen being' in national journalism in times of crisis, when ideas seem to run out and solutions and basic consensuses seem to vanish. It starts from the premise that the press is the platform of greatest diffusion of the conflict and can facilitate its understanding by the public. To this end, it takes as reference the cases of Bagua (2008 and 2009) and Las Bambas (2015-2019), two important socio-environmental conflicts for the country, different in their origin, development, times and actors, but which allow identifying, in the discourses and counter-discourses of the press: the roles assumed or assigned to the main actors, as citizens and members of the political community; their social and cultural capitals; the level of political culture and trust in institutions; and their power relations with other social agents. This analysis, corroborated with journalists involved in the coverage of both events, identifies an evolution in the mediatization of the conflict. It notes that print and television journalism show gaps in the deepening of cultural manifestations, behaviors and social action of involved citizens, structurally excluded and belatedly recognized as subjects of rights, who share the experience of protest as a response to needs and collective action based on specific interests. From this point of view, 'the Other' is implicit as a citizen, central agent and actor in the solution of the conflict; and the nation is a mirage, which is neither addressed nor confronted.
The thesis analyzes the narratives and the representation of the nation and of the 'citizen being' in national journalism in times of crisis, when ideas seem to run out and solutions and basic consensuses seem to vanish. It starts from the premise that the press is the platform of greatest diffusion of the conflict and can facilitate its understanding by the public. To this end, it takes as reference the cases of Bagua (2008 and 2009) and Las Bambas (2015-2019), two important socio-environmental conflicts for the country, different in their origin, development, times and actors, but which allow identifying, in the discourses and counter-discourses of the press: the roles assumed or assigned to the main actors, as citizens and members of the political community; their social and cultural capitals; the level of political culture and trust in institutions; and their power relations with other social agents. This analysis, corroborated with journalists involved in the coverage of both events, identifies an evolution in the mediatization of the conflict. It notes that print and television journalism show gaps in the deepening of cultural manifestations, behaviors and social action of involved citizens, structurally excluded and belatedly recognized as subjects of rights, who share the experience of protest as a response to needs and collective action based on specific interests. From this point of view, 'the Other' is implicit as a citizen, central agent and actor in the solution of the conflict; and the nation is a mirage, which is neither addressed nor confronted.
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Keywords
Medios de comunicación masiva--Perú--Bagua (Amazonas : Provincia), Medios de comunicación masiva--Perú--Las Bambas (Apurímac : Provincia), Industria minera--Aspectos ambientales--Perú--Bagua (Amazonas : Provincia), Industria minera--Aspectos ambientales--Perú--Las Bambas (Apurímac : Provincia), Conflicto social--Perú--Bagua (Amazonas : Provincia), Conflicto social--Perú--Perú--Las Bambas (Apurímac : Provincia), Ciudadanía--Perú--Perú--Bagua (Amazonas : Provincia), Ciudadanía--Perú--Las Bambas (Apurímac : Provincia)
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