Los idearios de la izquierda legal peruana: un estudio comparativo sobre Izquierda Unida y el Frente Amplio
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La presente investigación consiste en la identificación de los idearios de los frentes
peruanos Izquierda Unida y Frente Amplio; en su comparación para determinar sus
similitudes y diferencias; y la explicación de estas desde los actores, tanto los que
conformaron dichos frentes como los que estuvieron alrededor, y los acontecimientos
políticos, a los que se enfrentaron cada uno y los que se dieron entre la desarticulación
de uno y el surgimiento del otro. Con ello, se descartan las explicaciones holísticas,
las que indican que se trata de un «cambio de época», sin mayor profundización. Se
busca así contribuir con la comprensión de los pensamientos de las izquierdas en el
Perú de la historia reciente, y centralmente de las dos experiencias unitarias referidas,
las mismas que se insertaron en la democracia.
Para llevar a cabo lo indicado, se revisó la literatura al respecto, se sistematizó la
información y se complementó con entrevistas. De ahí se constató la impronta del
fujimorismo y el senderismo, entre otros. El primero generó, en gran parte de la
izquierda, una valoración mayor por la democracia y los derechos humanos, un
rechazo al neoliberalismo e incluso el planteamiento de una salida constituyente a la
crisis social y política. Sendero Luminoso, por su parte, impactó física, ideológica y
simbólicamente. Con este último, el «terruqueo» se ha convertirdo en un recurso
habitual de deslegitimación y, como respuesta, el rechazo a la violencia revolucionaria
pasó a ser un principio de la mayoría del espectro. El Frente Amplio lo incorporó en
su ideario.
The present research consists of the identification of the main ideas of the Peruvian political coalitions Izquierda Unida and Frente Amplio; in their comparison to determine their similarities and differences; and the explanation of these from the actors, who formed these coalitions and those who were around them, and the political events, which each one faced and those that occurred between the dismantling of one and the emergence of the other. In this way, we discard holistic explanations, which indicate that it is a “change of era”, without further elaboration. The objective is to contribute to the understanding of the thoughts of the left in Peru in recent history, and centrally of the two unitary experiences mentioned, which were inserted in democracy. To do this, the literature on the subject was reviewed, the information was systematized and complemented with interviews. There is influence from fujimorism, senderism and others. The first generated, in a large part of the left, a greater appreciation for democracy and human rights, a rejection of neoliberalism and even the proposal of a constituent solution to the social and political crisis. On the other hand, Sendero Luminoso impacted physically, ideologically and symbolically. About the last case, “terruqueo” has become a common resource of delegitimization and, in response, the rejection of revolutionary violence became a principle of the majority of the political position. Frente Amplio included this in its main ideas.
The present research consists of the identification of the main ideas of the Peruvian political coalitions Izquierda Unida and Frente Amplio; in their comparison to determine their similarities and differences; and the explanation of these from the actors, who formed these coalitions and those who were around them, and the political events, which each one faced and those that occurred between the dismantling of one and the emergence of the other. In this way, we discard holistic explanations, which indicate that it is a “change of era”, without further elaboration. The objective is to contribute to the understanding of the thoughts of the left in Peru in recent history, and centrally of the two unitary experiences mentioned, which were inserted in democracy. To do this, the literature on the subject was reviewed, the information was systematized and complemented with interviews. There is influence from fujimorism, senderism and others. The first generated, in a large part of the left, a greater appreciation for democracy and human rights, a rejection of neoliberalism and even the proposal of a constituent solution to the social and political crisis. On the other hand, Sendero Luminoso impacted physically, ideologically and symbolically. About the last case, “terruqueo” has become a common resource of delegitimization and, in response, the rejection of revolutionary violence became a principle of the majority of the political position. Frente Amplio included this in its main ideas.
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Izquierda Unida (Partido político : Perú)--Historia, Socialismo--Perú, Frente Amplio (Partido político : Perú)--Historia, Partidos políticos--Perú
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item.page.review
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