El proceso de construcción del género musical tunantada al estilo de Yauyos con base en la relación entre la composición y la ejecución del saxofón (1940 - 2018)
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2023-05-30
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
En el presente trabajo se analiza de qué manera la relación entre la composición y la
ejecución del saxofón ha construido el género musical llamado tunantada, el cual deriva de
una danza tradicional jaujina del mismo nombre. Se ha escogido el estilo musical de la fiesta
de Yauyos por ser el de mayor influencia en la actualidad y más difundido. Además, existen
más evidencias fonográficas en este estilo, las cuales se utilizaron en esta investigación. Se
propone que el posicionamiento del saxofón como sonido principal en la orquesta típica del
Centro –a principios del siglo XX– ha convertido a este instrumento en el referente y soporte
fundamental de la expresión del “sentimiento tunantero”. La tunantada y el saxofón están en
una relación simbiótica que requiere el conocimiento de ciertas complejidades de su lenguaje
musical por parte de instrumentistas que deseen ejecutar este género. En este trabajo se
explica el contexto social y económico del Valle del Mantaro, el cual favoreció la constante
innovación cultural y la incorporación de instrumentos foráneos a sus tradiciones locales
hasta el punto de ser considerados como tradicionales. Luego se define tunantada a partir de
diversos autores. Posteriormente, gracias a un minucioso trabajo de escucha y transcripción,
se describen detalles técnicos de la ejecución del saxofón en esta música. Finalmente, se
identifican cuatro etapas de corrientes estéticas que coexistieron dentro del desarrollo de la
música de la tunantada desde 1940 hasta el 2017.
In this work it is analized how the relationship between the composition and the performance of the saxophone has built the musical genre called tunantada, which derives from a traditional dance of Jauja named the same. The musical style of the Yauyos festival has been chosen because it is the one with the greatest influence today and the most widespread. In addition, there is more phonographic evidence in this style, which was used in this research. It is proposed that the positioning of the saxophone as the main sound in the typical orchestra of the Center –at the beginning of the 20th century– has made this instrument the reference and fundamental support for the expression of the “tunantada feeling”. The tunantada and the saxophone are in a symbiotic relationship that requires knowledge of certain complexities of their musical language by instrumentalists who wish to perform this genre. This paper explains the social and economic context of the Mantaro Valley, which favored constant cultural innovation and the incorporation of foreign instruments to its local traditions to the point of being considered traditional. Then it is defined tunantada from various authors. Later, thanks to a meticulous listening and transcription work, technical details of the performance of the saxophone in this music are described. Finally, four stages of aesthetic currents that coexisted within the development of the music of the tunantada from 1940 to 2017 are identified.
In this work it is analized how the relationship between the composition and the performance of the saxophone has built the musical genre called tunantada, which derives from a traditional dance of Jauja named the same. The musical style of the Yauyos festival has been chosen because it is the one with the greatest influence today and the most widespread. In addition, there is more phonographic evidence in this style, which was used in this research. It is proposed that the positioning of the saxophone as the main sound in the typical orchestra of the Center –at the beginning of the 20th century– has made this instrument the reference and fundamental support for the expression of the “tunantada feeling”. The tunantada and the saxophone are in a symbiotic relationship that requires knowledge of certain complexities of their musical language by instrumentalists who wish to perform this genre. This paper explains the social and economic context of the Mantaro Valley, which favored constant cultural innovation and the incorporation of foreign instruments to its local traditions to the point of being considered traditional. Then it is defined tunantada from various authors. Later, thanks to a meticulous listening and transcription work, technical details of the performance of the saxophone in this music are described. Finally, four stages of aesthetic currents that coexisted within the development of the music of the tunantada from 1940 to 2017 are identified.
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Keywords
Tunantada, Instrumentos de viento, Música folklórica--Perú--Mantaro, Valle, Cultura popular--Perú--Mantaro, Valle
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