Opiniones y valoraciones que subyacen en la experiencia educativa de estudiantes, padres, madres y docente en una escuela rural amazónica
Date
2018-12-03
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El propósito de la presente investigación es analizar y comparar, en un colegio rural
multigrado amazónico, cuáles son las opiniones educativas de los y las estudiantes, padres y
madres y docente. Asimismo, se analiza el aprendizaje dentro y fuera de la escuela y la
distancia entre la cultura escolar y la cultura del centro poblado. El abordaje utilizado fue
cualitativo y se realizaron 15 entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los resultados de este estudio
permiten concluir que se identificaron cinco opiniones claves en los participantes de la
comunidad educativa, algunas compartidas por padres, madres, sus hijos e hijas y la docente
y algunas que se manifiestan más claramente en uno u otro grupo. En primer lugar, los
resultados nos muestran que la comunidad entiende la escuela como un medio para ascender
socialmente y lograr dejar de ser agricultores. En segundo lugar, se identifica dos ideas que
son complementarias y que se refuerzan entre sí, la noción de que la buena docencia implica
únicamente enseñar, es decir que la docente es buena en tanto simplemente enseñe (más allá
de qué enseñe y/o de cómo enseñe) y la idea de que los estudiantes son responsables de sus
logros de aprendizaje sin que la docente o la familia tengan un rol en su aprendizaje. En
tercer lugar, se observa que se le atribuye a la obediencia un rol fundamental en el proceso de
enseñanza-aprendizaje y finalmente, los padres y madres reconocen en la escuela una
distancia relativamente clara con la cultura de la comunidad.
The purpose of the research is to analyze and compare, in a multi-grade Amazonian rural school, the educational opinions of students, parents and teachers. Also, the learning within and outside the school and the distance between the school culture and the culture of the indigenous community are analyzed. The methodology used was qualitative based on 15 semi-structured interviews. The results of this study allow us to conclude that five key ideas were identified in the participants of the educational community, some shared by parents, their children and the teacher and some that are more clearly expressed in one or the other group. First, the results show that the community understands the school as a means to rise socially and to stop being farmers. Secondly, two ideas are identified that are complementary and that reinforce each other, the notion that good teaching implies only teaching, that is to say that the teacher is good as long as she simply teaches (regardless of what she teaches or how she teach) and the opinion that students are responsible for their learning achievements without the teacher or family having a role in their learning. Third, the idea of obedience is observed as a fundamental aspect in the teaching-learning process. Finally, parents recognize in school a distance to the culture of the community.
The purpose of the research is to analyze and compare, in a multi-grade Amazonian rural school, the educational opinions of students, parents and teachers. Also, the learning within and outside the school and the distance between the school culture and the culture of the indigenous community are analyzed. The methodology used was qualitative based on 15 semi-structured interviews. The results of this study allow us to conclude that five key ideas were identified in the participants of the educational community, some shared by parents, their children and the teacher and some that are more clearly expressed in one or the other group. First, the results show that the community understands the school as a means to rise socially and to stop being farmers. Secondly, two ideas are identified that are complementary and that reinforce each other, the notion that good teaching implies only teaching, that is to say that the teacher is good as long as she simply teaches (regardless of what she teaches or how she teach) and the opinion that students are responsible for their learning achievements without the teacher or family having a role in their learning. Third, the idea of obedience is observed as a fundamental aspect in the teaching-learning process. Finally, parents recognize in school a distance to the culture of the community.
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Keywords
Educación rural--Investigaciones, Pueblos indígenas--Educación--Perú--Amazonía, Región, Educación intercultural
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