Variables macroeconómicas y su relación con la solvencia de la Banca Múltiple del Perú durante los periodos 2019- 2023
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
La presente tesis aborda la relación entre las variables macroeconómicas y la
solvencia de la Banca Múltiple del Perú durante el periodo 2019-2023. Este
análisis se enmarca en un contexto económico convulsionado por la incertidumbre
económica, derivada de la crisis sanitaria por la COVID-19. A ello se suma una
etapa de reactivación económica condicionada por factores internos como
externos, entre los que destacan las crisis políticas, la inflación, entre otros. Es
dentro de este escenario, que resulta pertinente analizar como determinadas
condiciones macroeconómicas influyen en la capacidad de las entidades
bancarias para mantener niveles adecuados de solvencia, lo cual es una condición
primordial para garantizar la estabilidad del sistema financiero. En ese sentido, la
investigación considera para el análisis de tres variables macroeconómicas: el
Producto Bruto Interno (PBI), la inflación y la tasa de desempleo. Con respecto a
la solvencia bancaria, esta es medida mediante el Ratio de Capital Global (RCG),
el cual es empleado por la Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros y AFP (SBS)
como uno de los principales indicadores de solidez financiera. El estudio se
desarrolla bajo un enfoque cuantitativo y por medio del análisis estadístico con el
coeficiente de Spearman, se evaluó el vínculo entre las variables seleccionadas.
Los resultados obtenidos evidencian que, entre las variables analizadas, el PBI y
la tasa de desempleo presentan una relación significativa con la solvencia de la
banca múltiple. Este resultado denota la importancia de continuar monitoreando
las variables macroeconómicas. Asimismo, impulsar políticas económicas que
promuevan el desarrollo y estabilidad del sistema financiero.
This research paper examines the relationship between macroeconomic variables and the solvency of Peru´s Commercial Banks during the 2019-2023 period. This analysis is framed within an economic context convulsed by economic uncertainty stemming from the COVID-19 health crisis. Added to this is a period of economic recovery conditioned by internal and external factors, including political crises and inflation, among others. Within this context, it is pertinent to analyze how certain macroeconomic conditions influence the ability of banking institutions to maintain adequate solvency levels, which is a fundamental condition for ensuring the stability of the financial system. In this regard, the research considers three macroeconomic variables for the analysis: Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation, and the unemployment rate. Regarding bank solvency, this is measured by the Global Capital Ratio (GCR), which is used by the Superintendency of Banking, Insurance, and Pension Funds (SBS) as one of the main indicators of financial soundness. The study is conducted using a quantitative approach and, through statistical analysis using the Spearman coefficient, the link between the selected variables was evaluated. The results obtained show that, among the variables analyzed, the GDP and the unemployment rate exhibit a significant relationship with commercial bank solvency. This result underscores the importance of continuing to monitor macroeconomics variables. Thereby, economic policies that enable the development and stability of the financial system are promoted.
This research paper examines the relationship between macroeconomic variables and the solvency of Peru´s Commercial Banks during the 2019-2023 period. This analysis is framed within an economic context convulsed by economic uncertainty stemming from the COVID-19 health crisis. Added to this is a period of economic recovery conditioned by internal and external factors, including political crises and inflation, among others. Within this context, it is pertinent to analyze how certain macroeconomic conditions influence the ability of banking institutions to maintain adequate solvency levels, which is a fundamental condition for ensuring the stability of the financial system. In this regard, the research considers three macroeconomic variables for the analysis: Gross Domestic Product (GDP), inflation, and the unemployment rate. Regarding bank solvency, this is measured by the Global Capital Ratio (GCR), which is used by the Superintendency of Banking, Insurance, and Pension Funds (SBS) as one of the main indicators of financial soundness. The study is conducted using a quantitative approach and, through statistical analysis using the Spearman coefficient, the link between the selected variables was evaluated. The results obtained show that, among the variables analyzed, the GDP and the unemployment rate exhibit a significant relationship with commercial bank solvency. This result underscores the importance of continuing to monitor macroeconomics variables. Thereby, economic policies that enable the development and stability of the financial system are promoted.
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Perú--Condiciones económicas--2019-2023, Pandemia de COVID-19, 2020---Aspectos económicos--Perú, Instituciones financieras--Finanzas
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