El estilo costeño: las múltiples (sub)sonoridades de la guitarra eléctrica en la cumbia peruana (1976 – 1984)
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2022-10-10
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La cumbia peruana es una expresión musical masiva que se ha instaurado como uno de los
géneros musicales más populares del país, y la guitarra eléctrica se ha convertido en el
símbolo de independencia sonora del género que le dio vida, la cumbia colombiana. Esta
investigación propone una aproximación a las diferentes sonoridades, a través del análisis
musical y contextual, que existen entre las agrupaciones consideradas dentro del estilo
costeño, primando una perspectiva desde la guitarra. Este análisis de las diferentes
sonoridades incluirá diferentes aspectos importantes en la consolidación de dicho estilo:
interpretación de las melodías y del acompañamiento rítmico-armónico; los momentos de
improvisación en las presentaciones en vivo y los motivos rítmicos que daban continuidad a
su sonoridad; y la base tecnológica en la sonoridad, que incluye la influencia de las guitarras
y sus componentes en la ecualización, así como los procesadores de sonidos para guitarra
(pedales). Todo ello se realizará a través de la elaboración y análisis de partituras, la
recolección de material bibliográfico pertinente y las entrevistas realizadas a músicos de la
escena. De esta manera, se devela que existen múltiples sonoridades que identifican a cada
agrupación, pero asimismo hay características internas comunes que las permiten englobar
dentro de una corriente musical claramente diferenciada de aquella otra protagonista de la
década, la cumbia andina.
Peruvian cumbia is a massive musical expression that has established itself as one of the most popular musical genres in the country, and the electric guitar has become the symbol of sound independence of the genre that gave it life, the Colombian cumbia. This research proposes an approach to the different sounds, through musical and contextual analysis, that exist among the groups considered within the coastal style, prioritizing a perspective from the guitar. This analysis of the different sounds will include different important aspects in the consolidation of this style: interpretation of melodies and rhythmic-harmonic accompaniment; the moments of improvisation in the live performances and the rhythmic motifs that gave continuity to its sound; and the technological base in sound, which includes the influence of guitars and their components on equalization, as well as sound processors for guitar (pedals). All this will be done through the elaboration and analysis of scores, the collection of relevant bibliographic material and interviews with the musicians on the scene. Consequently, it is revealed that there are multiple sounds that identify each grouping, but there are also some common internal characteristics that allow them to be included within a musical current clearly differentiated from that other protagonist of the decade, the Andean cumbia.
Peruvian cumbia is a massive musical expression that has established itself as one of the most popular musical genres in the country, and the electric guitar has become the symbol of sound independence of the genre that gave it life, the Colombian cumbia. This research proposes an approach to the different sounds, through musical and contextual analysis, that exist among the groups considered within the coastal style, prioritizing a perspective from the guitar. This analysis of the different sounds will include different important aspects in the consolidation of this style: interpretation of melodies and rhythmic-harmonic accompaniment; the moments of improvisation in the live performances and the rhythmic motifs that gave continuity to its sound; and the technological base in sound, which includes the influence of guitars and their components on equalization, as well as sound processors for guitar (pedals). All this will be done through the elaboration and analysis of scores, the collection of relevant bibliographic material and interviews with the musicians on the scene. Consequently, it is revealed that there are multiple sounds that identify each grouping, but there are also some common internal characteristics that allow them to be included within a musical current clearly differentiated from that other protagonist of the decade, the Andean cumbia.
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Guitarra eléctrica--Estudio y enseñanza, Cumbia (Música)--Perú, Música para guitarra
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