¿Abuso del arbitraje?: el caso de La Oroya a la luz del litigio arbitral entre Renco (empresa matriz de Doe Run Perú) y el Estado peruano
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El conflicto arbitral entre Renco y el Perú refleja las tensiones entre la atracción
de inversión extranjera y la protección medioambiental en países en desarrollo.
Así pues, en el caso de La Oroya, DRP, propietaria del CMLO y subsidiaria del
estadounidense Renco, incumplió repetidamente sus obligaciones ambientales
derivadas del PAMA, lo que generó graves daños ambientales y afectaciones a
la salud de la población. Cabe destacar que el Perú le otorgó múltiples prórrogas
hasta que determinó que las operaciones del CMLO no podían continuar en La
Oroya sin cumplir con el PAMA. Ante ello, Renco dejó de operar en Perú y,
paralelamente, enfrentó demandas en Missouri (Estados Unidos) por daños a los
habitantes de La Oroya, quienes exigían una indemnización.
En este contexto, Renco demandó al Estado peruano en sede arbitral, primero
ante el CIADI y luego ante la CPA, bajo el supuesto de incumplimiento del
capítulo de “Inversiones” del APC entre Perú y Estados Unidos. Empero, su
principal propósito era eludir su responsabilidad por los impactos ambientales
generados en La Oroya. Para llegar a esta conclusión, se analizaron las
actuaciones de Renco que calzan en un uso abusivo del arbitraje, incluyendo
estrategias como el “fórum shopping” y una interpretación abusiva de la cláusula
de trato justo y equitativo para cuestionar la regulación y fiscalización ambiental
estatal. Incluso, Renco, a solicitud del Tribunal Arbitral, llegó a referirse, en
cuanto le era favorable, a la sentencia de la Corte IDH sobre el caso de La Oroya,
donde se sancionó al Perú.
The arbitral conflict between Renco and Peru reflects the tensions between attracting foreign investment and environmental protection in developing countries. In the case of La Oroya, DRP, owner of the CMLO and a subsidiary of the American company Renco, repeatedly failed to meet its environmental obligations under the PAMA, leading to severe environmental damage and health impacts for the population. It is important to note that Peru granted multiple extensions until it was determined that the CMLO operations could not continue in La Oroya without complying with the PAMA. As a result, Renco ceased its operations in Peru and, simultaneously, faced lawsuits in Missouri (United States) for damages caused to the inhabitants of La Oroya, who demanded compensation. In this context, Renco sued the Peruvian government in arbitration, first before the ICSID and later before the PCA, claiming a violation of the "Investments" chapter of the US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement. However, its primary goal was to avoid responsibility for the environmental impacts caused in La Oroya. To reach this conclusion, Renco's actions were analyzed, demonstrating an abusive use of arbitration, including strategies like forum shopping and an abusive interpretation of the fair and equitable treatment clause to challenge state regulation and environmental oversight. Furthermore, Renco, at the request of the Arbitral Tribunal, referred to the ruling of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on the La Oroya case when it was favorable to them.
The arbitral conflict between Renco and Peru reflects the tensions between attracting foreign investment and environmental protection in developing countries. In the case of La Oroya, DRP, owner of the CMLO and a subsidiary of the American company Renco, repeatedly failed to meet its environmental obligations under the PAMA, leading to severe environmental damage and health impacts for the population. It is important to note that Peru granted multiple extensions until it was determined that the CMLO operations could not continue in La Oroya without complying with the PAMA. As a result, Renco ceased its operations in Peru and, simultaneously, faced lawsuits in Missouri (United States) for damages caused to the inhabitants of La Oroya, who demanded compensation. In this context, Renco sued the Peruvian government in arbitration, first before the ICSID and later before the PCA, claiming a violation of the "Investments" chapter of the US-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement. However, its primary goal was to avoid responsibility for the environmental impacts caused in La Oroya. To reach this conclusion, Renco's actions were analyzed, demonstrating an abusive use of arbitration, including strategies like forum shopping and an abusive interpretation of the fair and equitable treatment clause to challenge state regulation and environmental oversight. Furthermore, Renco, at the request of the Arbitral Tribunal, referred to the ruling of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on the La Oroya case when it was favorable to them.
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Arbitraje internacional, Abuso del derecho, Control ambiental--Perú, Derecho ambiental--Perú, Inversiones extranjeras (Derecho internacional)