Análisis de la causal de sobreseimiento regulada en el Acuerdo Plenario N ° 07-2023/CIJ-11 a la luz de su aplicación en un caso práctico
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Acceso al texto completo solo para la Comunidad PUCP
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El artículo examina el alcance de la causal de sobreseimiento prevista en el
artículo 344.2, literal d), del Código Procesal Penal peruano, a partir de los
criterios fijados por el Acuerdo Plenario N.° 07-2023/CIJ-116 de la Corte
Suprema. La investigación busca delimitar con precisión en qué supuestos
resulta legítimo que el juez ratifique el sobreseimiento requerido por el Ministerio
Público, sosteniendo que ello solo es posible cuando concurren de manera
copulativa dos condiciones: la insuficiencia de elementos de convicción y la
inexistencia razonable de nuevas fuentes de información que permitan superar
esa insuficiencia.
Para sustentar esta propuesta, el trabajo desarrolla, en primer lugar, una
aproximación dogmática a la causal de sobreseimiento del artículo 344.2 del
CPP; en segundo lugar, explica los fundamentos de la teoría de la valoración
racional de la prueba; y, finalmente, introduce el concepto de probabilidad
prevaleciente como estándar para contrastar hipótesis contrarias. Estos
conceptos se aplican a un caso real de la práctica profesional de la autora, donde
se enfrentaron una hipótesis acusatoria y una hipótesis defensiva, a fin de
mostrar cómo opera la probabilidad prevaleciente como umbral de comparación
en casos reales.
El análisis concluye que la hipótesis exculpatoria presenta mayor grado de
corroboración, por lo que el sobreseimiento fue correctamente concedido. Como
aporte crítico, se identifica una brecha relevante: el estándar jurisprudencial debe
aplicarse siempre en diálogo con el tipo penal y con criterios sobre la calidad de
los aportes probatorios, para evitar desviaciones argumentativas y asegurar
decisiones debidamente motivadas y controlables.
The article examines the scope of the ground for dismissal (sobreseimiento) set out in Article 344(2)(d) of Peru’s Code of Criminal Procedure, in light of the criteria established by Supreme Court Plenary Agreement No. 07-2023/CIJ-116. The study seeks to delineate with precision the circumstances under which it is legitimate for the judge to uphold the dismissal requested by the Ministerio Público (Public Prosecutor’s Office), arguing that this is only possible when two conditions are met cumulatively: (i) an insufficiency of evidentiary support (elementos de convicción) and (ii) the reasonable absence of new sources of information capable of overcoming that insufficiency. To support this proposal, the paper first develops a doctrinal analysis of the dismissal ground contained in Article 344(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure; second, it explains the foundations of the theory of rational evaluation of evidence; and finally, it introduces the concept of “prevailing probability” as a standard for testing competing hypotheses and for rationally allocating the risk of error in the decision. These components are applied to a real case drawn from the author’s professional practice, in which a prosecution theory and a defense theory were advanced, in order to show how prevailing probability operates as a comparative threshold. The analysis concludes that the exculpatory hypothesis is supported by a higher degree of corroboration, and therefore the dismissal was correctly granted. As a critical contribution, the paper identifies a significant gap: the jurisprudential standard articulated by the Supreme Court must always be applied in dialogue with the statutory definition of the offense and with criteria concerning the quality of the evidentiary contributions, so as to prevent argumentative drift and to ensure decisions that are properly reasoned and subject to meaningful review.
The article examines the scope of the ground for dismissal (sobreseimiento) set out in Article 344(2)(d) of Peru’s Code of Criminal Procedure, in light of the criteria established by Supreme Court Plenary Agreement No. 07-2023/CIJ-116. The study seeks to delineate with precision the circumstances under which it is legitimate for the judge to uphold the dismissal requested by the Ministerio Público (Public Prosecutor’s Office), arguing that this is only possible when two conditions are met cumulatively: (i) an insufficiency of evidentiary support (elementos de convicción) and (ii) the reasonable absence of new sources of information capable of overcoming that insufficiency. To support this proposal, the paper first develops a doctrinal analysis of the dismissal ground contained in Article 344(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure; second, it explains the foundations of the theory of rational evaluation of evidence; and finally, it introduces the concept of “prevailing probability” as a standard for testing competing hypotheses and for rationally allocating the risk of error in the decision. These components are applied to a real case drawn from the author’s professional practice, in which a prosecution theory and a defense theory were advanced, in order to show how prevailing probability operates as a comparative threshold. The analysis concludes that the exculpatory hypothesis is supported by a higher degree of corroboration, and therefore the dismissal was correctly granted. As a critical contribution, the paper identifies a significant gap: the jurisprudential standard articulated by the Supreme Court must always be applied in dialogue with the statutory definition of the offense and with criteria concerning the quality of the evidentiary contributions, so as to prevent argumentative drift and to ensure decisions that are properly reasoned and subject to meaningful review.
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Derecho procesal penal--Jurisprudencia--Perú, Suicidio, Prueba (Derecho)