Estilo motivacional docente, necesidades psicológicas básicas, estilos de regulación emocional y compromiso académico en escolares y universitarios
Date
2020-11-11
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Empleando la Teoría de la Autodeterminación como marco de referencia, el presente
estudio examina la relación entre la percepción de los estilos motivacionales de los docentes, la
satisfacción/frustración de las necesidades psicológicas básicas (NPB), los estilos de regulación
emocional y el compromiso académico. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 423 estudiantes
escolares (edad promedio: 15.65 y DE: .98) y por 472 estudiantes universitarios (edad promedio:
21.32 y DE: 2.58) de Lima Metropolitana. Los estudiantes completaron instrumentos con
evidencias de validez y confiabilidad en las muestras estudiadas. El modelo hipotético planteado
fue estudiado mediante el análisis de senderos. Los resultados confirmaron dos de las hipótesis
planteadas, pues corroboran que el estilo motivacional docente se relaciona con las experiencias
internas de los estudiantes escolares y universitarios, tanto con los sentimientos respecto a sus
propias necesidades psicológicas básicas como con los estilos para regular sus emociones. En este
sentido, un estilo de apoyo a la autonomía se relaciona mejor con la satisfacción de las NPB y con
un empleo de la regulación integrada, mientras que un estilo de control psicológico se asocia con
una mayor frustración de las NPB y fomenta un mayor uso de la regulación supresiva y la
desregulación. Por otro lado, no se comprobaron las hipótesis referidas al rol mediador de los
estilos de regulación emocional en la relación entre las NPB y el compromiso académico. Todos
estos hallazgos son discutidos en función a sus alcances y sus limitaciones, además que se
comentan recomendaciones y futuras líneas de trabajo.
Palabras clave: estilo motivacional docente, necesidades psicológicas básicas, estilos de regulación
emocional y compromiso académico.
Using Self Determination Theory as a framework, this study examines the relationship between perception of teacher’s motivational styles, satisfaction/frustration of basic psychological needs (BPN), emotion regulation styles, and academic engagement. The sample was composed of 423 school students (Mean age: 15.65 SD: .98) and 472 university students (Mean age: 21.32 SD: 2.58) from Metropolitan Lima. The hypothetical model was studied through the path analysis. The results confirmed two of the hypotheses, since they showed that motivational teaching styles are related to the internal experiences of school and university students, like feelings about their own basic psychological needs and their emotion regulation styles. In this sense, autonomy support is better related to the satisfaction of the BPN and with a use of integrated regulation, while psychological control is associated with a greater frustration of the BPN and encourages a greater use of suppressive regulation and dysregulation. On the other hand, hypotheses regarding the mediating role of emotion regulation styles in the relationship between BPN and academic engagement were not verified. All these findings are discussed based on their scope and limitations, in addition to commenting on recommendations and future lines of work.
Using Self Determination Theory as a framework, this study examines the relationship between perception of teacher’s motivational styles, satisfaction/frustration of basic psychological needs (BPN), emotion regulation styles, and academic engagement. The sample was composed of 423 school students (Mean age: 15.65 SD: .98) and 472 university students (Mean age: 21.32 SD: 2.58) from Metropolitan Lima. The hypothetical model was studied through the path analysis. The results confirmed two of the hypotheses, since they showed that motivational teaching styles are related to the internal experiences of school and university students, like feelings about their own basic psychological needs and their emotion regulation styles. In this sense, autonomy support is better related to the satisfaction of the BPN and with a use of integrated regulation, while psychological control is associated with a greater frustration of the BPN and encourages a greater use of suppressive regulation and dysregulation. On the other hand, hypotheses regarding the mediating role of emotion regulation styles in the relationship between BPN and academic engagement were not verified. All these findings are discussed based on their scope and limitations, in addition to commenting on recommendations and future lines of work.
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Keywords
Motivación (Educación), Personal docente--Aspectos psicológicos, Estudiantes universitarios--Investigaciones, Escolares--Investigaciones
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