El apoyo a la autonomía, las presiones de las autoridades, las necesidades psicológicas básicas, el engagement y burnout en profesores
Date
2019-09-16
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente estudio, se basa en la Teoría de la autodeterminación, y tiene por
objetivo analizar la relación entre el apoyo a la autonomía, las presiones por parte de las
autoridades, las necesidades psicológicas básicas, el engagement y burnout en profesores.
La muestra estuvo compuesta por 205 docentes de educación básica regular de
instituciones educativas públicas y privadas de Lima Metropolitana. Los instrumentos
que fueron empleados lograron mostrar buenas evidencias de validez y confiabilidad en
la muestra. Específicamente, se esperaba que las necesidades psicológicas básicas
(satisfacción/frustración) medien la relación entre el apoyo a la autonomía y las presiones
por parte de las autoridades y el engagement y burnout, respectivamente.
El análisis de senderos alcanzó un índice adecuado de ajuste del modelo
(X
2
=15.24, gl=9 en donde p<.001, RMSEA =.06, CFI=.99, RMR= 0.05). Se encontró
que, según lo esperado el apoyo a la autonomía predice el engagement, teniendo como
variable parcialmente mediadora a la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas.
Por otro lado, las presiones por parte de las autoridades y el burnout en profesores estaban
también parcialmente mediado por la frustración de las necesidades psicológica básicas.
Se discuten los resultados encontrados a la luz de otras investigaciones.
This investigation, based on Self-determination Theory, studies the relationship among perceived autonomy support, pressures from authorities, basic psychological needs, engagement, and burnout in teachers. The sample consisted of 205 teachers of public and private schools from Metropolitan Lima. The instruments used showed good evidence of validity and reliability in this sample. Specifically, it was hypothesized that basic psychological needs (satisfaction/frustration) partially mediate the relationship between perceived autonomy support, pressures from authorities, engagement and burnout. The analysis was made with Path Analysis. The model showed a good fit (X 2 =15.24, gl=9; p<.001, RMSEA =.06, CFI=.99, SRMR= 0.05). As it was expected, perceived autonomy support predicts engagement, being partially mediated by the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. Contrarily, the pressures from authorities and burnout in teachers were also partially mediated by the frustration of the basic psychological needs. The results found in this investigation are discussed in the light of other investigations.
This investigation, based on Self-determination Theory, studies the relationship among perceived autonomy support, pressures from authorities, basic psychological needs, engagement, and burnout in teachers. The sample consisted of 205 teachers of public and private schools from Metropolitan Lima. The instruments used showed good evidence of validity and reliability in this sample. Specifically, it was hypothesized that basic psychological needs (satisfaction/frustration) partially mediate the relationship between perceived autonomy support, pressures from authorities, engagement and burnout. The analysis was made with Path Analysis. The model showed a good fit (X 2 =15.24, gl=9; p<.001, RMSEA =.06, CFI=.99, SRMR= 0.05). As it was expected, perceived autonomy support predicts engagement, being partially mediated by the satisfaction of basic psychological needs. Contrarily, the pressures from authorities and burnout in teachers were also partially mediated by the frustration of the basic psychological needs. The results found in this investigation are discussed in the light of other investigations.
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Keywords
Personal docente--Aspectos psicológicos, Personal docente--Actitudes, Stress en el trabajo, Motivación del empleado, Motivación (Psicología), Personal docente--Aspectos sociales
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